The majority influence on interminority attitudes: The secondary transfer effect of positive and negative contact     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2016

Among minority members, positive contact with the majority was previously found to improve not only the attitudes toward the majority but also the attitudes toward minority outgroups (the secondary transfer effect; STE). However, the roles of negative intergroup contact and minority groups’ social status in the STE have not been yet examined. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between both positive and negative contact with the national majority group (Finns) and mutual attitudes among high-status Estonian (n = 171) and low-status Russian (n = 180) immigrants in Finland. Two mediators of the STE were tested: attitudes toward the majority (attitude generalization) and public collective self-esteem (diagonal hostility). While positive and negative STEs emerging via attitude generalization were expected to occur among both immigrant groups, the mediating effect of public collective self-esteem was assumed only for members of the low-status group. In both immigrant groups, the relationship between positive contact with the majority group and attitudes toward the other immigrant group was positive and indirect through more favorable attitudes toward majority group members. The same mechanism characterized negative contact, where the indirect effect was mediated by less positive attitudes toward Finns. As predicted, public collective self-esteem mediated the effects of positive and negative contact with majority group members on attitudes toward the other minority only among low-status Russian immigrants. The results call for the acknowledgement of different mechanisms explaining the STE among minority groups enjoying different social statuses in host society.  相似文献   

The density of social networks moderates effects of intergroup contact     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2016

This study tests how the density of the social network in which intergroup contact takes place might affect the extent to which contact improves intergroup attitudes. Having contact with more outgroup members in dense social networks, in which everybody knows each other, may reinforce contact's positive effect. In this case, outgroup contact is shared with ingroup members, which suggests positive ingroup norms toward the outgroup. Alternatively, more contact in denser networks may improve intergroup attitudes less because density may increase subtyping or reduce the salience of ethnic group memberships. These competing hypotheses are tested among white American adults in a nonprobability online sample (N = 305) and in a representative national sample (N = 1270). In both studies, contact is associated with more positive attitudes toward racial outgroups but the positive contact effect is weakened if that contact takes place in a denser social network.  相似文献   

身体哲学视域下体育自觉的窥探          下载免费PDF全文

王峰 《河北体育学院学报》2016,30(3):29-33

通过文献资料法和逻辑分析法,从身体哲学的角度,以时间为轴,探索了身体沉睡、身体觉醒、身体缺席状态下体育自觉的实现程度,以及身体自由条件下的体育的应然状态.然后,以空间为轴,从身体存在的肉身、家庭、社会、文化等空间结构上展开了对体育自觉实现条件的探讨.指出,随着时间的推移和社会的进步,体育自觉具备了物质条件,但体育自觉的实现与所处的环境息息相关,肉身、家庭、社会、文化是体育自觉实现的基本条件.  相似文献   

English Proficiency,Identity, Anxiety,and Intergroup Attitudes: US Americans’ Perceptions of Chinese     

Makiko Imamura  Racheal A. Ruble  Yan Bing Zhang 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2016,45(6):526-539

Guided by the Common Ingroup Identity Model and Berry’s acculturation framework, this study examined the roles that perceptions of language proficiency, cultural identity, and communication anxiety had on intergroup attitudes and stereotypes in the American–Chinese contact context. Serial mediation analyses with 10,000 bootstrap samples revealed that perceived English proficiency of a Chinese contact had significant indirect effects on affective and behavioral attitudes toward Chinese through American participants’ perceptions of their contact’s host and home culture identification and communication anxiety. Perceived English proficiency had an indirect effect only on positive stereotypes through the Chinese contact’s perceived identification with home culture.  相似文献   

我国女性体育参与的文化解读与时代特征     

张韬磊  吴燕丹 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(4):21-25

我国女性在体育参与中相对于男性遭遇了很多不平等的现象，这些现象必然有其文化历史根源。通过文献梳理和逻辑分析，从意识形态层面的审美取向、形成意识形态的氏族制政治生态与形成政治生态的社会及人类进化论根源三个角度，对我国女性的体育参与特征进行剥离式解读，总结出女性参与体育的时代特征。同时从经济学的视角分析了女性体育参与的机会成本或许在短时间内不会降低到与男性相同的水平，但过去阻碍女性参与体育的桎梏将随时间一一消弭。  相似文献   

Initial Communication with and Attitudes toward International Students: Testing the Mediating Effects of Friendship Formation Variables     

Ning Liu  Yan Bing Zhang  Weston T. Wiebe 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2017,46(4):330-345

From the theoretical perspectives of intergroup contact, predicted outcome value (POV), and similarity-attraction, this study examined U.S. host nationals’ (N = 342) communicative behaviours in a recent initial encounter with an international student and attitudes toward the student’s cultural group as a whole. Testing of two models indicated the significant sequential mediator effects of perceived similarity-social attraction and POV-social attraction between communication variables (e.g. amount of communication exchange in both models, self-disclosure in model 1, and information seeking in model 2), and intergroup attitudes (e.g. behavioural attitudes). Findings in general demonstrated that contact effects in the intercultural context varied according to specific measures of communication, the mediating mechanisms, and intergroup attitudes.  相似文献   

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls     

Esther Ubago-Guisado  Jorge García-Unanue  Jorge López-Fernández  Javier Sánchez-Sánchez  Leonor Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1484-1492

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.  相似文献   

6周有氧运动对肥胖大学生身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响     

金媛  朱建国 《福建体育科技》2017,36(2)

对肥胖大学生进行为期6周有氧运动干预,观察其身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响,探究运动减肥对肥胖大学生身体健康的促进作用。选取38名BMI≥28的在校大学生,年龄在18-20周岁。开课前、结课后进行身高、体重、胸围、体脂率、基础代谢率、空腹血糖、空腹血脂等各项指标检查。减脂课程持续6周,每周一、三、五进行11.5小时有氧运动,并进行适当的饮食控制,比较各项指标。6周有氧运动加合理饮食对肥胖大学生身体形态指标、身体素质指标以及生理生化指标均有明显改善。  相似文献   

老年人人体测量学参数与滑动摔倒危险性的关系     

张美珍  杨锋  白怡椿 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(2):55-60

摘要：目的：摔倒是目前世界范围内老年人群身体健康所面临的一个主要威胁。然而对于老年人人体测量学参数与摔倒危险之间关系的研究很少。通过对老年人进行滑倒模拟测试，来确定人体测量学参数与摔倒的关系。方法：187名健康老年人在美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校临床步态和运动分析实验室参加了滑动测试。实验采集了受试者的人体测量学参数（身高、体重和足长）以及年龄和性别指标。所有受试者在一个安装有滑板装置的7 m长跑道上完成数次正常行走后，经历了一次事先未知的滑动，测试过程中有护具保证其安全。结果：测试中98名(52.4%)受试者摔倒，89名能够恢复正常步态。女性比男性(79% vs. 58%, P < 0.01)受试者，肥胖组比非肥胖组(39% vs. 20%, P < 0.01)老年人，身高低(P < 0.01)和足长小(P< 0.01)的老年人更容易发生摔倒。通过多元回归分析得到身体质量指数（BMI）、性别和身高是摔倒的危险因素。另外，身高与性别具有显著性交互作用。结论：研究结果表明女性、身高低、肥胖者（BMI> 30 kg/m2）以及足长小的老年人发生摔倒的危险性较大。  相似文献   

音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分与骨密度的影响*     

蔡富华  章晓霜  熊静宇 《广州体育学院学报》2016,(1):106-108

目的:比较音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分及骨密度(BMD)的影响.方法:采用双能X线吸收法和生物电阻抗法对232名岭南师范学院音、体、美、舞蹈及普通专业大一女生体成分和骨密度进行测试.结果:①体育生和舞蹈生腰臀比、体脂百分比低于音乐生、美术生与普通生,而体重、肌肉量却高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;音乐生与美术生的体重高于普通生,具有统计学差异(p＜0.05).②体育生和舞蹈生前臂骨和跟骨的骨密度值均高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;美术生跟骨骨密度高于音乐生与普通生,差异具有统计学意义(p＜0.05);体育生前臂骨跟骨骨密度与普通生比分别高出,13.63％,22.31％.结论:音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分和骨密度的影响各有不同:经常参与体育与舞蹈锻炼,能增加去脂体重,有效提高骨密度;音乐与美术专业教育对女生形体美的塑造有一定作用,但却不能有效提高去脂体重和骨密度、减少体脂量及体脂在腰部的堆积.  相似文献