Influence of playing standard on the physical demands of professional rugby league     

Tim J. Gabbett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1125-1138

Abstract

In this paper we report on two studies that investigated the physical demands of professional rugby league match-play. Instudy one, National Rugby League (NRL) and National Youth Competition (NYC) players underwent global positioning system (GPS) analysis during competitive matches. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between playing standards for minutes played, total distance covered, or the distances covered at low and high speeds. However, NRL players engaged in significantly more repeated high-intensity effort bouts than NYC players (13.1 ± 0.8 bouts vs. 9.7 ± 1.1 bouts). Reductions in physical performance occurred from the first to second half for both NRL and NYC players. In study two, we investigated, in the same players, the physical demands of professional rugby league match-play when players were competing in trial and regular fixture matches. The locomotor demands of trial matches were lower than fixture matches, with players covering less distance per minute of match-play, including less distance at low and high speeds. Players were also less likely to engage in repeated high-intensity effort bouts in trial matches than fixtures. These findings demonstrate that neither NYC matches nor NRL trial matches adequately reflect the intense physical demands of NRL fixture matches.  相似文献   

Match running performance fluctuations in elite soccer: Indicative of fatigue,pacing or situational influences?     

Paul S. Bradley 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(15):1627-1638

Abstract

The aims of this study were to: (1) quantify match running performance in 5-min periods to determine if players fatigue or modulate high-intensity running according to a pacing strategy, and (2) examine factors impacting high-intensity running such as score line, match importance and the introduction of substitutes. All players were analysed using a computerised tracking system. Maintaining ‘high’ levels of activity in the first half resulted in a 12% reduction (P < 0.01) in the second half for high-intensity running (effect size [ES]: 0.8), while no changes were observed in ‘moderate’ and ‘low’ groups (ES: 0.0–0.2). The ‘high’ group covered less (P < 0.01) high-intensity running in the initial 10-min of the second versus first half (ES: 0.6–0.7), but this was not observed in ‘moderate’ and ‘low’ groups (ES: 0.2–0.4). After the most intense periods, players demonstrated an 8% drop in high-intensity running (P < 0.05) compared to the match average (ES: 0.2) and this persisted for 5-min before recovering. Players covered similar high-intensity running distances in matches with differing score lines but position-specific trends indicated central defenders covered 17% less (P < 0.01) and attackers 15% more high-intensity running during matches that were heavily won versus lost (ES: 0.9). High-intensity running distances were comparable in matches of differing importance, but between-half trends indicated that only declines (P < 0.01) occurred in the second half of critical matches (ES: 0.2). Substitutes covered 15% more (P < 0.01) high-intensity running versus the same time period when completing a full match (ES: 0.5). The data demonstrate that high-intensity running in the second half is impacted by the activity of the first half and is reduced for 5-min after intense periods. High-intensity running is also influenced by score line and substitutions but not match importance. More research is warranted to establish if fluctuations in match running performance are primarily a consequence of fatigue, pacing or tactical and situational influences.  相似文献   

Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football     

Ryan H. Boyko  Adam R. Boyko  Mark G. Boyko 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1185-1194

Abstract

Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that referees' decisions can be influenced by crowd noise, but little work has been done to examine whether individual referees vary in their home bias or whether biased decisions contribute to overall home advantage. We develop an ordinal regression model to determine whether various measures of home advantage are affected by the official for the match and by crowd size while controlling for team ability. We examine 5244 English Premier League (EPL) match results involving 50 referees and find that home bias differs between referees. Individual referees give significantly different levels of home advantage, measured as goal differential between the home and away teams, although the significance of this result depends on one referee with a particularly high home advantage (an outlier). Referees vary significantly and robustly in their yellow card and penalty differentials even excluding the outlier. These results confirm that referees are responsible for some of the observed home advantage in the EPL and suggest that home advantage is dependent on the subjective decisions of referees that vary between individuals. We hypothesize that individual referees respond differently to factors such as crowd noise and suggest further research looking at referees' psychological and behavioural responses to biased crowds.  相似文献   

Estimated maturity status and perceptions of adult autonomy support in youth soccer players     

Sean P. Cumming  Rebecca A. Battista  Martyn Standage  Martha E. Ewing  Robert M. Malina 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1039-1046

Abstract

In this study, we examined the relations between biological maturity status, body mass index, age, and perceptions of adult autonomy support in the context of youth soccer. A total of 70 female and 43 male soccer players, aged 9 – 15 years, completed three adult-specific versions (i.e. mother, father, coach) of the perceived autonomy support subscale from the Interpersonal Style Scale. The participants' percent predicted adult stature was used as an estimate of biological maturity status. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that advanced maturity status in male players predicted lower perceptions of autonomy support from the coach. Maturity status was unrelated to perceptions of autonomy support from the coach in female soccer players, and paternal and maternal autonomy support in male and female players. Age and body mass index were unrelated to perceptions of adult (i.e. coach, mother, father) autonomy support in male and female players.  相似文献   

Practice and play as determinants of self-determined motivation in youth soccer players     

David T. Hendry  Peter R.E. Crocker 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1091-1099

Abstract

Based upon predictions derived from the Developmental Model of Sports Participation, we tested whether hours in domain-specific play (self-led activities) and practice (coach-led activities) during childhood (~5–12 year) in an elite group of youth soccer players from the UK (N = 144) were related to motivation. Independent analysis of three different age groups (Under 13, 15 and 17 year) did not show relations between play and practice activities during childhood and global measures of motivation. However, secondary analysis showed that when controlling for years in soccer, years in the UK Academy system were negatively related to global indices of self-determined motivation (SDI) and positively related to controlled motivation for the oldest players. Despite predictions, there was no evidence that play during childhood was positively related to more SDI. Prospective research is recommended to enable more robust conclusions about the role of early developmental practice activities, especially early specialisation in a high-performance system, on both skill and psychosocial development.  相似文献   

浅谈中国青少年足球运动员意志品质培养及训练     

高峰 《湖北体育科技》2013,32(3):280-282

意志品质对运动员比赛的技战术水平发挥、训练中技能的掌握和提高都有不可忽视的影响。全文讨论和分析了意志品质的具体内涵、意志品质与技战术水平之间的联系和意志品质的训练方法。  相似文献   

论校园武术文化对当代大学生人格塑造的作用     

梅汉超 《湖北体育科技》2013,(12):1092-1094

对校园武术文化特征的阐述和对大学生人格塑造作用的研究,旨在弘扬武术文化,从而推动校园武术文化健康有序的发展。  相似文献   

探析武术在构建高校和谐校园中的作用     

张国明 《搏击·武术科学》2013,(8):6-9

构建社会主义和谐社会是中国共产党为了更好地实现社会主义现代化建设而提出的重大战略任务。高校作为整体社会系统的重要组成部分,建设和谐的校园环境对构建社会主义和谐社会有着积极的促进作用。文章通过分析高校和谐校园建设中存在的不和谐因素和武术在高校和谐校园建设中的作用,探索利用武术推动高校和谐校园建设的途径,加快高校和谐校园建设,为构建社会主义和谐社会奠定良好的基础。  相似文献   

中原武术非物质文化遗产校园传承与发展的思考     

李小莉 《搏击·武术科学》2013,(7):20-22

以少林拳、太极拳等为代表的中原武术文化遗产是中原文化的重要组成部分。文章从传承和发展中原武术文化遗产的角度出发,分析中原武术非物质文化遗产在校园中传承和发展的必要性,并对中原武术非物质文化遗产校园传承途径进行构思,旨在为发挥中原地域文化资源在校园传承与发展的优势作用,为中原经济的崛起和现代化发展贡献力量。  相似文献   

高校开展校园群众体育赛事的对策研究——以南京工业大学为例     

王呜骏  杜寿高  吕伟 《搏击·武术科学》2013,(9):103-104

校园群众体育竞赛是体现大学生校园体育文化生活的一个重要组成部分。目前,大多数校园体育竞赛只是少数人的舞台。如何举办重在大多数学生参与的校园体育竞赛也就成为高校体育工作者的一项重要课题。文章结合南京工业大学校园体育竞赛的开展现状,提出了要转变观念,大胆创新;合理安排竞赛时间;组织形式多样化;制定出公平、公正、公开的评判标准;体育教师积极参与到俱乐部、体育社团、学院的指导与训练等发展对策,为构建大多数学生都能参与的校园群体体育赛事提供参考。  相似文献