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81.
Craig Sale Roger C. Harris James Florance Alain Kumps Robertine Sanvura Jacques R. Poortmans 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):759-766
Abstract In this study, we examined the effect of two creatine monohydrate supplementation regimes on 24-h urinary creatine and methylamine excretion. Nine male participants completed two trials, separated by 6 weeks. Participants ingested 4 × 5 g · day?1 creatine monohydrate for 5 days in one trial and 20 × 1 g · day?1 for 5 days in the other. We collected 24-h urine samples on 2 baseline days (days 1–2), during 5 days of supplementation (days 3–7), and for 2 days post-supplementation (days 8–9). Urine was assayed for creatine using high-performance liquid chromatography and methylamine using gas chromatography. Less creatine was excreted following the 20 × 1 g · day?1 regime (49.25 ± 10.53 g) than the 4 × 5 g · day?1 regime (62.32 ± 9.36 g) (mean ± s; P < 0.05). Mean total excretion of methylamine (n = 6) over days 3–7 was 8.61 ± 7.58 mg and 24.81 ± 25.76 mg on the 20 × 1 g · day?1 and 4 × 5 g · day?1 regimes, respectively (P < 0.05). The lower excretion of creatine using 20 × 1 g · day?1 doses suggests a greater retention in the body and most probably in the muscle. Lower and more frequent doses of creatine monohydrate appear to further attenuate formation of methylamine. 相似文献
82.
Alfredo Córdova J Francisco Martin Eduardo Reyes Melchor Alvarez-Mon 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):827-833
Strenuous physical exercise of the limb muscles commonly results in damage, especially when that exercise is intense, prolonged and includes eccentric contractions. Many factors contribute to exercise-induced muscle injury and the mechanism is likely to differ with the type of exercise. Competitive sports players are highly susceptible to this type of injury. AM3 is an orally administered immunomodulator that reduces the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and normalizes defective cellular immune fractions. The ability of AM3 to prevent chronic muscle injury following strenuous exercise characterized by eccentric muscle contraction was evaluated in a double-blind and randomized pilot study. Fourteen professional male volleyball players from the First Division of the Spanish Volleyball League volunteered to take part. The participants were randomized to receive either placebo (n?=?7) or AM3 (n?=?7). The physical characteristics (mean±s) of the placebo group were as follows: age 25.7±2.1 years, body mass 87.2±4.1?kg, height 1.89±0.07?m, maximal oxygen uptake 65.3±4.2?ml?·?kg?1?·?min?1. Those of the AM3 group were as follows: age 26.1±1.9 years, body mass 85.8±6.1?kg, height 1.91±0.07?m, maximal oxygen uptake 64.6±4.5?ml?·?kg?1?·?min?1. All participants were evaluated for biochemical indices of muscle damage, including concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase (CK) and its MB fraction (CK-MB), myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, both before and 30 days after treatment (over the peak of the competitive season). In the placebo group, competitive exercise (i.e. volleyball) was accompanied by significant increases in creatine kinase (494±51 to 560±53?IU?·?l?1, P?<?0.05) and myoglobin (76.8±2.9 to 83.9±3.1?μg?·?l?1, P?<?0.05); aspartate aminotransferase (30.8±3.0 to 31.1±2.9?IU?·?l?1) and lactate dehydrogenase (380±31 to 376±29?IU?·?l?1) were relatively unchanged after the 30 days maximum effort. AM3 not only inhibited these changes, it led to a decrease from baseline serum concentrations of creatine kinase (503±49 to 316±37?IU?·?l?1, P?<?0.05) and myoglobin (80.1±3.2 to 44.1±2.6?IU?·?l?1, P?<?0.05), as well as aspartate aminotransferase (31.1±3.3 to 26.1±2.7?IU?·?l?1, P?<?0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (368±34 to 310±3?IU?·?l?1, P?<?0.05). The concentration of CK-MB was also significantly decreased from baseline with AM3 treatment (11.6±1.2 to 5.0±0.7?IU?·?l?1, P?<?0.05), but not with placebo (11.4±1.1 to 10.8±1.4?IU?·?l?1). In conclusion, the use of immunomodulators, such as AM3, by elite sportspersons during competition significantly reduces serum concentrations of proteins associated with muscle damage. 相似文献
83.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):27-33
Abstract In this study, we examined indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness following a 50-km cross-country ski race completed in 2 h and 57 min to 5 h and 9 min by 11 moderately trained male university students. Maximal strength of the knee extensors, several blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation, and muscle soreness (visual analog scale: 0 = “no pain”, 50 mm = “unbearably painful”) were measured one day before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72, and 144 h after the race. Changes in the measures over time were analysed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and a Fisher's post-hoc test. Maximal strength of the knee extensors decreased significantly (P<0.05) immediately after the race (mean ?27%, s=6), but returned to pre-exercise values within 24 h of the race. All blood markers increased significantly (P<0.05) following the race, peaking either immediately (lactate dehydrogenase: 253.7 IU · l?1, s=13.3; myoglobin: 476.4 ng · ml?1, s=85.5) or 24 h after the race (creatine kinase: 848.0 IU · l?1, s=151.9; glumatic oxaloacetic transaminase: 44.3 IU · l?1, s=4.2; aldolase: 10.0 IU · l?1, s=1.3; C-reactive protein: 0.36 IU · l?1, s=0.08). Muscle soreness developed in the leg, arm, shoulder, back, and abdomen muscles immediately after the race (10–30 mm), but decreased after 24 h (<15 mm), and disappeared 48 h after the race. These results suggest that muscle damage induced by a 50-km cross-country ski race is mild and recovery from the race does not take long. 相似文献
84.
在竞技运动训练中,训练负荷扮演着极其重要、不可或缺的角色。它直接关系到训练效果和运动水平的优劣,是运动员从选材到结束运动生涯整个训练过程中最核心和最关键的因素。适宜的训练负荷可以带来优质的训练质量,而不适宜的训练负荷则不仅不能提高运动水平,而且会造成运动损伤或过度训练。因此,在训练过程中,定期对训练负荷进行检测、分析和评定,是减少训练盲目性和提高训练效率的重要工作。 相似文献
85.
肌肉中较高水平的磷酸肌酸浓度导致ATP数量的增多,因此补充肌酸能完成较大运动量。铬对肌肉的增长和血液降低胆固醇有间接作用。传统的40：30：30碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质搭配饮食方法,把碳水化合物的摄入引入歧途,本文采用文献资料法,对运动员应适当增加碳水化合物的摄入进行阐述,供训练时可参考。 相似文献
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87.
运动对血液中肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文拟概述了肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)三种酶的生理生化作用以及运动对血液中酶活性的影响运动训练可引起血清CK、LDH活性升高,增高的程度与运动与运动持续时间,以及受试者的训练程度、运动类型等因素有关。 相似文献
88.
艾灸对运动员运动时机体血清酶活性的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过对运动员进行穴位施灸处理，并以服用西洋参组作为对照，观察定量运动时机体血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性的变化和血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。经过2个月的施灸处理，结果表明，艾灸可以明显降低运动员运动时机体血清肌酸激酶(CK)的活性，同时使SOD活性保持相对稳定。提示，灸法可以提高机体对运动的适应能力，减轻运动性疲劳。 相似文献
89.
90～100日龄 Wisten雄性大 21只,随机分成 3 组,并在同样条件下饲养,其中一组在安静条件下处死,另一组在力竭性游泳2小时后处死,第三组在力竭性游泳后立即处死.然后检测它们的血乳酸、血肌酐、血尿酸水平,结果显示力竭性运动后血乳酸增多以及肾血流量和肾过滤率下降是血尿酸水平上升的主要原因。 相似文献
90.
摔跤运动员模拟比赛后疲劳和恢复的生化研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过对北京体育大学10名摔跤运动员摔跤模拟比赛后血、尿一系列生化指标的实验分析，发现摔跤是以糖酵解系统为主、无氧有氧代谢供能的运动项目。在模拟比赛后，血乳酸明显升高，但1h后消除迅速；肌内嘌呤核苷酸分解激活，血氨和尿酸生成增多，血氨和血尿酸与血乳酸指标一样，可作为运动强度和机能恢复的指标。摔跤比赛降低肾功能，赛后60min明显改善，摔跤比赛后至少24h内，机体处于蛋白质净降解状态，约2d后完全恢复。摔跤比赛对运动肌细胞有一定的损伤作用，对结缔组织损伤不明显。 相似文献