排球运动员步态支撑期的足底压力特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苍海  李翰君  高维纬 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(1):84-87

通过测试得到排球运动员步态中足底压力的主要特征,并比较膝关节损伤运动员与无膝关节损伤运动员的足底压力特征,尝试分析膝关节损伤对足底压力产生的变化,为排球运动员正常步态数据提供可信的参考标准。选取北京体育大学竞技体育学院排球专项学生共48人(26男、22女)作为研究对象。运用FOOTSCAN足底压力分布测量系统和QUALISYS-MCU500红外运动测试系统的6个摄像头采集足底压力及步态基本运动学参数,测量被试者赤足状态下的步态。要求被试者以自己正常的步速行走,左右脚分别测试3次。将足部分为10个解剖分区:第L趾骨(T1)、第2-5趾骨(T2-T5)、第1跖骨(M1)、第2跖骨(M2)、第3跖骨(M3)、第4跖骨(M4)、第5跖骨(M5)、足中部(MF)、足跟内侧(HM)和足跟外侧(HL)。选取各个分区的接触开始时刻、接触结束时刻、最大压强时刻、接触时间作为时间指标。根据足底压力数据,男女排球运动员在步态支撑时期不同阶段的比例分别为:着地阶段(6.2%男,6.4%女)、前足接触阶段(5.5%男,6.6%女)、整足接触阶段(43.44%男,40.4%女)、离地阶段(42.9%男,46.5%女)。膝关节损伤运动员受伤腿足中部足底压强峰值明显低于未受伤腿。  相似文献   

The effect of unilateral arm swing motion on lower extremity running mechanics associated with injury risk     

Cristine Agresta  Christian R. Ward  W. Geoffrey Wright  Carole A. Tucker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(2):206-215

Many field sports involve equipment that restricts one or both arms from moving while running. Arm swing during running has been examined from a biomechanical and physiologic perspective but not from an injury perspective. Moreover, only bilateral arm swing suppression has been studied with respect to running. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of running with one arm restrained on lower extremity mechanics associated with running or sport-related injury. Fifteen healthy participants ran at a self-selected speed with typical arm swing, with one arm restrained and with both arms restrained. Lower extremity kinematics and spatiotemporal measures were analysed for all arm swing conditions. Running with one arm restrained resulted in increased frontal plane knee and hip angles, decreased foot strike angle, and decreased centre of mass vertical displacement compared to typical arm swing or bilateral arm swing restriction. Stride length was decreased and step frequency increased when running with one or both arms restrained. Unilateral arm swing restriction induces changes in lower extremity kinematics that are not similar to running with bilateral arm swing restriction or typical arm swing motion. Running with one arm restrained increases frontal plane mechanics associated with risk of knee injury.  相似文献   

武术运动员膝关节损伤研究的比较性评价     

张明莉 《体育科技文献通报》2015,(3):119-120,122

武术运动员膝关节损伤是一个久拖不能较好解决的老问题。从研究成果来看,存在研究方法相近,归因大致相同,解决措施或建议基本接近的现象。笔者提出以下观点:论文研究对训练教学的指导性和实操性不强;武术教练员、武术教师在科学训练和交叉学科知识应用方面存在专业素养的缺陷;赞同部分研究者对武术竞赛(套路)规则进行修改。提出解决路径:基础数据的再收集;落实科研服务于体育教学实践、体育运动训练、社区群体运动;改善学员结构。从运动训练、治疗角度提出个人解决路径。  相似文献   

双膝晚期骨性关节炎患者手术治疗与康复护理进展     

田润  王丹  沈旭慧 《湖州师范学院学报》2015,(4):86-90,97

通过回顾近年来大量的国内外文献资料,对双膝晚期骨性关节炎(KOA)手术治疗和康复护理进行探讨分析。结果发现,分期置换或同期置换以及分期置换的时间间隔存在争议,而全膝关节置换术(TKA)后康复护理方法无明显差异;TKA 术后非术侧的肢体复健可能与降低该侧关节 TKA 手术的风险存在相关性。这为促进 TKA术后患者关节复健提供了有价值的探索。  相似文献   

Quasi-stiffness of the knee joint in flexion and extension during the golf swing     

Ahnryul Choi  Taeyong Sim 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(16):1682-1691

Biomechanical understanding of the knee joint during a golf swing is essential to improve performance and prevent injury. In this study, we quantified the flexion/extension angle and moment as the primary knee movement, and evaluated quasi-stiffness represented by moment–angle coupling in the knee joint. Eighteen skilled and 23 unskilled golfers participated in this study. Six infrared cameras and two force platforms were used to record a swing motion. The anatomical angle and moment were calculated from kinematic and kinetic models, and quasi-stiffness of the knee joint was determined as an instantaneous slope of moment–angle curves. The lead knee of the skilled group had decreased resistance duration compared with the unskilled group (P < 0.05), and the resistance duration of the lead knee was lower than that of the trail knee in the skilled group (P < 0.01). The lead knee of the skilled golfers had greater flexible excursion duration than the trail knee of the skilled golfers, and of both the lead and trail knees of the unskilled golfers. These results provide critical information for preventing knee injuries during a golf swing and developing rehabilitation strategies following surgery.  相似文献   

Effects of treadmill versus overground soccer match simulations on biomechanical markers of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in side cutting     

R. M. Firhad Raja Azidin  Sean Sankey  Barry Drust  Mark A. Robinson 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1332-1341

This study aimed to investigate whether treadmill versus overground soccer match simulations have similar effects on knee joint mechanics during side cutting. Nineteen male recreational soccer players completed a 45-min treadmill and overground match simulation. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 5 min. Prior to exercise (time 0 min), at “half-time” (time 45 min) and 15 min post-exercise (time 60 min), participants performed five trials of 45° side-cutting manoeuvres. Knee abduction moments and knee extension angles were analysed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Physiological responses were significantly greater during the overground (HR 160 ± 7 beats ? min^?1; RPE 15 ± 2) than the treadmill simulation (HR 142 ± 5 beats ? min^?1; RPE 12 ± 2). Knee extension angles significantly increased over time and were more extended at time 60 min compared with time 0 min and time 45 min. No significant differences in knee abduction moments were observed. Although knee abduction moments were not altered over time during both simulations, passive rest during half-time induced changes in knee angles that may have implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.  相似文献   

Biomechanical analysis of knee and trunk in badminton players with and without knee pain during backhand diagonal lunges     

Cheng-Feng Lin  Shiang-Hua Hua  Ming-Tung Huang  Hsing-Hsan Lee  Jen-Chieh Liao 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(14):1429-1439

The contribution of core neuromuscular control to the dynamic stability of badminton players with and without knee pain during backhand lunges has not been investigated. Accordingly, this study compared the kinematics of the lower extremity, the trunk movement, the muscle activation and the balance performance of knee-injured and knee-uninjured badminton players when performing backhand stroke diagonal lunges. Seventeen participants with chronic knee pain (injured group) and 17 healthy participants (control group) randomly performed two diagonal backhand lunges in the forward and backward directions, respectively. This study showed that the injured group had lower frontal and horizontal motions of the knee joint, a smaller hip–shoulder separation angle and a reduced trunk tilt angle. In addition, the injured group exhibited a greater left paraspinal muscle activity, while the control group demonstrated a greater activation of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and medial gastrocnemius muscle groups. Finally, the injured group showed a smaller distance between centre of mass (COM) and centre of pressure, and a lower peak COM velocity when performing the backhand backward lunge tasks. In conclusion, the injured group used reduced knee and trunk motions to complete the backhand lunge tasks. Furthermore, the paraspinal muscles contributed to the lunge performance of the individuals with knee pain, whereas the knee extensors and ankle plantar flexor played a greater role for those without knee pain.  相似文献   

掷铁饼背向旋转技术教学中应注意的问题及对策     

田菁 《河北体育学院学报》2000,(2)

在铁饼背向旋转技术教学中 ,对学生普遍易出现错误动作的技术环节从理论上加以分析 ,并指出各环节应注意的问题及对策 ,旨在提高背向旋转技术学习的质量 ,增加最后用力阶段速度的利用率 ,真正发挥预加速阶段在最后用力过程中的作用。  相似文献   

Influence of saddle setback on knee joint forces in cycling     

Mathieu Menard  Arnaud Decatoire  Patrick Lacouture 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):245-257

Abstract

Knee functional disorders are one of the most common lower extremity non-traumatic injuries reported by cyclists. Incorrect bicycle configuration may predispose cyclist to injury but the evidence of an effect of saddle setback on knee pain remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of saddle setback on knee joint forces during pedalling using a musculoskeletal modelling approach. Ten cyclists were assessed under three saddle setback conditions (range of changes in saddle position ~6 cm) while pedalling at a steady power output of 200 W and cadence of 90 rpm. A cycling musculoskeletal model was developed and knee joint forces were estimated using an inverse dynamics method associated with a static optimisation procedure. Our results indicate that moving the saddle forwards was not associated with an increase of patellofemoral joint forces. On the contrary, the tibiofemoral mean and peak compression force were 14 and 15% higher in the Backward than in the Forward condition, respectively. The peak compression force was related to neither pedal force nor quadriceps muscle force but coincided with the eccentric contraction of knee flexor muscles. These findings should benefit bike fitting practitioners and coaches in the design of specific training/rehabilitation protocols.  相似文献   

The Effect of Initial Knee Angle on Concentric-Only Squat Jump Performance     

Lachlan J. Mitchell  Christos K. Argus  Kristie-Lee Taylor  Jeremy M. Sheppard  Dale W. Chapman 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(2):184-192

Purpose: There is uncertainty as to which knee angle during a squat jump (SJ) produces maximal jump performance. Importantly, understanding this information will aid in determining appropriate ratios for assessment and monitoring of the explosive characteristics of athletes. Method: This study compared SJ performance across different knee angles—90º, 100º, 110º, 120º, 130º, and a self-selected depth—for jump height and other kinetic characteristics. For comparison between SJ and an unconstrained dynamic movement, participants also performed a countermovement jump from a self-selected depth. Thirteen participants (M_age = 25.4 ± 3.5 years, M_height = 1.8 ± 0.06 m, M_weight = 79.8 ± 9.5 kg) were recruited and tested for their SJ performance. Results: In the SJ, maximal jump height (35.4 ± 4.6 cm) was produced using a self-selected knee angle (98.7 ± 11.2°). Differences between 90°, 100°, and self-selected knee angles for jump height were trivial (ES ± 90% CL = 90°–100° 0.23 ± 0.12, 90°–SS ?0.04 ± 0.12, 100°–SS ?0.27 ± 0.20; 0.5–2.4 cm) and not statistically different. Differences between all other knee angles for jump height ranged from 3.8 ± 2.0 cm (mean ± 90% CL) to 16.6 ± 2.2 cm. A similar outcome to jump height was observed for velocity, force relative to body weight, and impulse for the assessed knee angles. Conclusions: For young physically active adult men, the use of a self-selected depth in the SJ results in optimal performance and has only a trivial difference to a constrained knee angle of either 90° or 100°.  相似文献