体育规则：足球规则修改与集体项目规则的比较研究          下载免费PDF全文

Robert C.R. Siekmann 《体育科研》2014,(6):51-53

本文以法学视角,尤其是国际法视角,通过研读规则文本的方式,对足球规则的演进进行分析,并且揭示一些目前体育法领域关注的问题:体育法(lex sportiva)确实存在,包含了公法部分(国际公约、国家立法)和私法部分(体育规则);体育规则(Laws of the game)是体育法的核心,包括国家、地区以及全球范围内各级体育主管部门的章程与条例;项目规则是体育法的另一个重要核心,作者以足球为例,论证了为什么项目规则也是法的问题。  相似文献   

Effects of small-volume soccer and vibration training on body composition,aerobic fitness,and muscular PCr kinetics for inactive women aged 20–45     

《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(4):284-292

PurposeThe present study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of small-volume, small-sided soccer training soccer group (SG, n = 13) and oscillating whole-body vibration training vibration group (VG, n = 17) on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle PCr kinetics in healthy inactive premenopausal women in comparison with an inactive control group (CO, n = 14).MethodsTraining for SG and VG consisted of twice-weekly 15-min sessions with average heart rates (HRs) of ∼155 and 90 bpm respectively. Pre- and post-measurements of body composition (DXA), phosphocreatine (PCr) on- and off-kinetics, and HR measurements during standardised submaximal exercise were performed.ResultsAfter 16 weeks of training in SG, fat percentage was lowered (p = 0.03) by 1.7% ± 2.4% from 37.5% ± 6.9% to 35.8% ± 6.2% and the PCr decrease in the quadriceps during knee-extension ramp exercise was attenuated (4% ± 8%, p = 0.04), with no changes in VG or CO (time-group effect: p = 0.03 and p = 0.03). Submaximal exercise HR was also reduced in SG after 16 weeks of training (6% ± 5% of HR_max, p = 0.01).ConclusionShort duration soccer training for 16 weeks appears to be sufficient to induce favourable changes in body composition and indicators of aerobic fitness and muscle oxidative capacity in untrained premenopausal women.  相似文献   

Match analysis in football: a systematic review     

Hugo Sarmento  Rui Marcelino  M. Teresa Anguera  Jorge CampaniÇo  Nuno Matos  José Carlos LeitÃo 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1831-1843

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Return to play management after concussion in football: recommendations for team physicians     

Nina Feddermann-Demont  Dominik Straumann  Jiří Dvořák 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(13):1217-1228

Abstract

A concussion is a rare but potentially serious injury of football players. Thus, an immediate and valid diagnosis, estimate of severity and therapeutic management is required. To summarise the published information on management of concussion with respect to a safe return to play (RTP), a literature search was conducted. Current guidelines on concussion in sports and significant studies on concussion in football were analysed. After concussion, management and RTP decision should remain in the area of clinical judgement on an individualised basis according to the current international guidelines. If a concussion is suspected, the player should not be allowed to RTP the same day. The RTP programme should follow a gradual step-wise procedure. A concussed player should not RTP unless he/she is asymptomatic and the neurological and neuropsychological examinations are normal. Untimely RTP bears an increased risk of sustaining another more severe brain injury and repetitive brain injury of long-term sequelae. In football, the management of concussion should primarily follow the recommendations proposed by the Concussion in Sports Group. Information and education of players and their medical and coaching team help to protect the players’ health. Future studies on concussion should include validated and detailed information on RTP protocols.  相似文献   

Acute responses of soccer match play on hip strength and flexibility measures: potential measure of injury risk     

Darren J. Paul  George P. Nassis  Rodney Whiteley  Joao B. Marques  Dean Kenneally  Hakim Chalabi 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(13):1318-1323

Abstract

Regular measurements of groin risk factors may offer a preventive measure against injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to (1) determine minimal detectable change (MDC) and reliability of hip flexibility and strength measures and to (2) identify the effect soccer match play load has on these measures. Reliability was determined for bent knee fall out test, hip abduction and adduction (hand-held dynamometry (HHD)) in 20 trained youth male soccer players. Reliability was evaluated with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC_[2,1]), 95% confidence intervals (CI). Hip strength and flexibility measures were taken before and after an international friendly match. Intra-rater reliability ICC ranges were bent knee fall out (0.75–0.90), abduction (0.83–0.90) and adduction (0.72–0.96). Inter-rater ICCs (95% CI) were bent knee fall out test [0.75 (0.39–0.90) right, 0.71 (0.27–0.89) left hip]; abduction [0.80 (0.50–0.92) right, 0.81 (0.53–0.92) left hip] and adduction [0.72 (0.31–0.89) right, 0.70 (0.26–0.88) left hip]. MDCs were as low as 20.7% of the mean for hip flexibility and 12.5% for strength. In conclusion, HHD and the bent knee fall out test are reliable tools to measure changes in hip strength and flexibility. Finally, a threshold may exist in which match play load negatively impacts hip flexibility.  相似文献   

Are the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test levels 1 and 2 both useful? Reliability,responsiveness and interchangeability in young soccer players     

Maurizio Fanchini  Carlo Castagna  Aaron J. Coutts  Federico Schena  Alan McCall  Franco M. Impellizzeri 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1950-1957

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the reliability, internal responsiveness and interchangeability of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YY1), level 2 (YY2) and submaximal YY1 (YY1-sub). Twenty-four young soccer players (age 17 ± 1 years; height 177 ± 7 cm; body mass 68 ± 6 kg) completed each test five times within pre- and in-season; distances covered and heart rates (HRs) were measured. Reliability was expressed as typical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal responsiveness was determined as effect size (ES) and signal-to-noise ratio (ES_TEM). Interchangeability was determined with correlation between training-induced changes. The TEM and ICC for distances in the YY1 and YY2 and for HR in YY1-sub were 7.3% and 0.78, 7.1% and 0.93 and 2.2% and 0.78, respectively. The ESs and ES_TEMs were 0.9 and 1.9 for YY1, 0.4 and 1.2 for YY2 and ?0.3 and ?0.3 for YY1-sub. Correlations between YY1 vs. YY2 and YY1-sub were 0.56 to 0.84 and ?0.36 to ?0.81, respectively. Correlations between change scores in YY1 vs. YY2 were 0.29 and ?0.21 vs. YY1-sub. Peak HR was higher in YY1 vs. YY2. The YY1 and YY2 showed similar reliability; however, they were not interchangeable. The YY1 was more responsive to training compared to YY2 and YY1-sub.  相似文献   

Cultural Evolution and Ideology in Korean Soccer: Sport and Nationalism     

Gwang Ok 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(3):363-375

Modern Korean sports have been adopted mostly from the West, but now Korea has emerged as a sporting power demanding global attention. The influence of historical and political ideology has been in the cultural background of Korean sports development, and the process of cultural evolution in soccer may be explained in the similar context. What helped the Korean soccer team qualify for the World Cup eight consecutive times – only the sixth country in the world to do so – thus making it the most powerful soccer team in Asia? Soccer initially appeared in Korea during the threat of Japanese invasion, and this backdrop provided the opportunity for soccer to be combined with nationalism and transformed into a cultural product that confronted Japanese imperialism. Since the Korean War, South Korean soccer has become a vehicle for ideological confrontation with North Korea amid the atmosphere of the Cold War, and it thus gave rise to sports nationalism by revealing an ideological superiority and nationalistic disposition. Soccer, which arrived in Korea on a British ship, has become a representative Korean sport and continuously challenges the global stage ahead of Asia's leading economic power. It was against the background of such rapid development that nationalism formed.  相似文献   

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

殷恒婵 《体育科学》1997,(5)

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。  相似文献   

德国世界杯不同位置运动员身高、体重、年龄比较研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

金川江 《体育与科学》2006,27(6):77-80

采用文献资料法、数理统计法,对2006年德国世界杯足球比赛不同位置运动员平均身高、体重、年龄等指标进行比较分析。结果表明:不同位置运动员在平均身高、体重、年龄和克托莱指数方面存在显著性差异,其中守门员的各项指数最高;参赛运动员平均年龄差异不明显,都维持在较高的年龄水平上;非洲、美洲、欧洲、亚洲球队不同位置运动员平均身高差异存在显著性;非洲、美洲、欧洲、亚洲球队前锋位置运动员平均体重无差异,其他位置运动员平均体重差异存在显著性。此结果可为足球运动的选材和训练提供可借鉴的科学参考依据。  相似文献   

足球专业大学生Yo-Yo间歇耐力测试与有氧耐力关系探讨     

梁洪波  孔兆伟  时庆德 《北京体育大学学报》2005,28(8):1078-1081

"Yo-Yo"间歇耐力测试是中国足协采用的替代12 min跑评价足球运动员体能的新方法,为了考察这项体能测试新方法与耐力的关系,以32名北京体育大学教育学院足球专项男生(2000级11名,2002级21名)为研究对象,按照队别及足球场上位置对受试者的"Yo-Yo" 间歇耐力测试的跑距 (DYo-Yo)、测试结束时的跑速(VYo-Yo)、最大摄氧量 (V·O2max)、PWC170、乳酸阈对应的功率 (PowerLAT) 等指标进行对比分析和相关处理.结果发现水平相当的两队各项指标无差异;前锋球员比后卫球员V·O2max高 (P<0.05);DYo-Yo和VYo-Yo与V·O2max和PWC170呈中度相关(r=0.49-65,P<0.01).结果说明"Yo-Yo"间歇耐力测试可以在一定程度上评价足球运动员的有氧耐力.  相似文献