步态生物力学研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴剑  李建设 《中国体育科技》2002,38(1):16-17

阐述了步态生物力学的时间参数、空间参数、时－空参数和力学参数的研究状况，以及各参 数在行走功能评定、疗效评定、指导治疗和行走辅助装置设计等方面的应用。  相似文献   

Altered visual focus on sensorimotor control in people with chronic ankle instability     

Masafumi Terada  Lindsay M. Ball  Brian G. Pietrosimone 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(2):171-180

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of the combination of chronic ankle instability (CAI) and altered visual focus on strategies for dynamic stability during a drop-jump task. Nineteen participants with self-reported CAI and 19 healthy participants performed a drop-jump task in looking-up and looking-down conditions. For the looking-up condition, participants looked up and read a random number that flashed on a computer monitor. For the looking-down condition, participants focused their vision on the force plate. Sagittal- and frontal-plane kinematics in the hip, knee and ankle were calculated at the time points of 100 ms pre-initial foot contact to ground and at IC. The resultant vector time to stabilisation was calculated with ground reaction force data. The CAI group demonstrated less hip flexion at the point of 100 ms pre-initial contact (P < 0.01), and less hip flexion (P = 0.03) and knee flexion at initial contact (P = 0.047) compared to controls. No differences in kinematics or dynamic stability were observed in either looking-up or looking-down conditions (P > 0.05). Altered visual focus did not influence movement patterns during the drop-jump task, but the presence of CAI did. The current data suggests that centrally mediated changes associated with CAI may lead to global alterations in the sensorimotor control.  相似文献   

篮球运动踝关节损伤及预防     

韦李 《柳州师专学报》2003,18(2):100-102

篮球运动的特点是人员密集，对抗激烈，加上踝关节局部稳定性差，易发生扭伤。本文采用查阅文献资料、问卷调查及和伤者访谈的方法，对引起踝关节损伤的原因及其原理进行了调查和分析，同时提出了踝关节扭伤的治疗方法与功能训练的一些手段。  相似文献   

跳远起跳过程中踝关节肌群的工作特征初探     

马丙奎 《连云港师范高等专科学校学报》2004,(3):97-99

跳远起跳技术是将人体的水平运动转变为抛体运动，踝关节在其中发挥了重要的作用。文章拟通过结合踝关节解剖学特点，分析起跳过程中踝关节肌群的工作特征，以期为运动训练服务。  相似文献   

优秀女子跆拳道运动员踝关节损伤预防与治疗的应用研究     

马胜  鲍捷 《搏击·武术科学》2013,(4):72-73

文章从日常对跆拳道高水平运动员诊治过程出发,对跆拳道运动员踝关节损伤进行统计,并对踝关节主要损伤原因进行分析,提出治疗方案与康复训练方法,为减少优秀运动员踝关节损伤发生率,保持健康及竞技水平提供理论与实践支撑。  相似文献   

Neuromuscular control during stepping down in continuous gait in individuals with and without ankle instability     

Mark A. Dundas  Federico Pozzi 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):926-933

Abstract

Ankle sprains are a common injury and those affected are at a risk of developing chronic ankle instability (CAI). Complications of an acute sprain include increased risk of re-injury and persistent disability; however, the exact link between ankle sprains and chronic instability has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate neuromuscular control (including kinematics, kinetics and EMG) during stepping down from a curb, a common yet challenging daily activity, in persons with ankle instability (n = 11), those with a history of ankle sprain without persistent instability, called ankle sprain “copers” (CPRs) (n = 9) and uninjured controls (CTLs) (n = 13). A significant group difference was noted as the CPR group demonstrated increased tibialis anterior activity in both the preparatory (pre-touchdown) and reactive (post-touchdown) phases when compared to healthy and unstable groups (P < 0.05). It follows that the CPR group also demonstrated a significantly less plantar-flexed position at touchdown than the other two groups (P < 0.05). This is a more stable position to load the ankle and this strategy differed from that used by participants with CAI and uninjured CTLs. These findings provide insight into the neuromuscular control strategies of CPRs, which may allow them to more appropriately control ankle stability following sprains.  相似文献   

Mechanical properties of the triceps surae: Differences between football and non-football players     

Aurélio Faria  Ronaldo Gabriel  João Abrantes  Paola Wood  Helena Moreira 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1559-1567

Abstract

We investigated the mechanical properties of the triceps surae between professional, junior, and non-football players. Fifty-nine men participated in this study. The mechanical properties of the right legs’ triceps surae were measured in vivo using a free oscillation technique; no significant differences existed between the groups. The mean results for musculo-articular stiffness, damping coefficient, and damping ratio were as follows: professional football players (21523 N· m^?1, 330.8 N · s · m^?1, and 0.201); junior football players (21063 N · m^?1, 274.4 N · s · m^?1, and 0.173); and non-players (19457 N · m^?1, 281.5 N · s · m^?1, and 0.184). When analysed according to position, the results were as follows: defender (21447 N · m^?1, 308.6 N · s · m^?1, and 0.189); midfielder (20762 N · m^?1, 250.7 N · s · m^?1, and 0.157); winger (21322 N · m^?1, 335.1 N · s · m^?1, and 0.212); forward (22085 N · m^?1, 416.2 N · s · m^?1, and 0.254); and non-players (19457 N · m^?1, 281.5 N · s · m^?1, and 0.184).

Thus, football training, football games, and the position played had no effect on triceps surae mechanical properties. These results may be attributed to opposing adaptations between different types of training that are usually implemented in football. Alternatively, the minimum strain amplitude and/or frequency threshold of the triceps surae required to trigger adaptations of mechanical properties might not be achieved by football players with football training and matches.  相似文献   

Intensity-level assessment of lower body plyometric exercises based on mechanical output of lower limb joints     

Norihide Sugisaki  Junichi Okada  Hiroaki Kanehisa 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):894-906

Abstract

The present study aimed to quantify the intensity of lower extremity plyometric exercises by determining joint mechanical output. Ten men (age, 27.3 ± 4.1 years; height, 173.6 ± 5.4 cm; weight, 69.4 ± 6.0 kg; 1-repetition maximum [1RM] load in back squat 118.5 ± 12.0 kg) performed the following seven plyometric exercises: two-foot ankle hop, repeated squat jump, double-leg hop, depth jumps from 30 and 60 cm, and single-leg and double-leg tuck jumps. Mechanical output variables (torque, angular impulse, power, and work) at the lower limb joints were determined using inverse-dynamics analysis. For all measured variables, ANOVA revealed significant main effects of exercise type for all joints (P < 0.05) along with significant interactions between joint and exercise (P < 0.01), indicating that the influence of exercise type on mechanical output varied among joints. Paired comparisons revealed that there were marked differences in mechanical output at the ankle and hip joints; most of the variables at the ankle joint were greatest for two-foot ankle hop and tuck jumps, while most hip joint variables were greatest for repeated squat jump or double-leg hop. The present results indicate the necessity for determining mechanical output for each joint when evaluating the intensity of plyometric exercises.  相似文献   

The Submaximal Lateral Shuffle Test: A reliability and sensitivity analysis     

Philipp Maurus  Michael J. Asmussen  Sasa Cigoja  Sandro R. Nigg  Benno M. Nigg 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(18):2066-2074

ABSTRACT

Lateral ankle stability and how it changes in different footwear has been investigated for years. Research, however, has shown a lack of reliability or sensitivity of available methodologies. This study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability and sensitivity of a novel lateral stability protocol, the Submaximal Lateral Shuffle Test (SLST). We recruited 11 and 40 participants to assess reliability and sensitivity of the SLST, respectively. Participants performed the SLST in footwear that differed in collar height and upper stiffness. ICC values showed good to excellent reliability in peak ankle angles and moments, ground reaction forces, impulses, stance time, and performance time. Significantly lower peak inversion and adduction angles and lower medio-lateral push off peak forces were found in the high cut shoes compared to the low cut shoes. The medio-lateral landing peak force showed lower forces in the high cut shoes. The smallest worthwhile change indicated meaningful differences in 70.0–82.5% of participants for inversion, adduction, medio-lateral landing peak, and push off peak forces. These results, however, were not systematic such that there was not a consistent direction of the difference for all participants. In conclusion, the SLST is a promising protocol to further investigate lateral stability in footwear.  相似文献   

Development and assessment of a device and method for studying the mechanical interactions between shoes and playing surfaces in situ at loads and rates generated by elite athletes     

Richard Kent  Jeff Crandall  Jason Forman  David Lessley  Anthony Lau  Christopher Garson 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):414-429

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