游泳运动员的营养与膳食     

梁锡华  王电华  邓春梅 《湖北体育科技》1997,(1)

研究游泳运动员的营养与膳食．是最大限度的发挥运动员竞技能力的重要课题之一．平衡的营养是运动员健康和运动能力的保证。  相似文献   

长期递增负荷跑台运动和营养补充对大鼠肾脏EPO水平和mRNA表达的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵杰修  田野  曹建民  金丽  满君  谢敏豪 《体育科学》2004,24(8):26-29

为了研究肾脏EPO代谢在运动性贫血发生机理中的功能和作用，及营养补充对运动性贫血防治效果的作用机制，对30只雄性Wistar大鼠进行等量随机分组：对照组(C)、运动组(P)和运动 营养组(G)。11周的跑台运动和营养补充结束后，应用RT—PCR和ELISA方法测试大鼠肾脏EPO基因表达和活性水平。结果发现，肾脏组织匀浆液EPO水平并未表现出对照组、运动 营养组、运动组的组间差异，而对于肾脏EPO mRNA表达指标在运动组分别显著高于对照组和运动 营养组，提示肾脏EPO活性水平可能并非机体运动性贫血的发病因素。  相似文献   

高原训练的现状与前景研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔伯双  屈红林 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(4):107-109

通过对所收集到的数十篇有关高原训练的期刊文章进行分析和总结,发现作为目前最有发展前景的能够使机体承受较大负荷的高原训练方法,其现状和前景存在较多不足之处。文中并对高原训练的相关因素提出其研究前景。  相似文献   

V_E对鱼类作用的研究进展     

CUI Jin- hua 《铜仁职业技术学院学报》2007,(3)

VE是鱼类营养和饲料中最重要的维生素之一,它与鱼类机体的代谢,抗氧化功能、免疫功能、抗病力、繁殖功能密切相关。  相似文献   

Rethinking fat as a fuel for endurance exercise     

Jeff S. Volek  Timothy Noakes  Stephen D. Phinney 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(1):13-20

Abstract

A key element contributing to deteriorating exercise capacity during physically demanding sport appears to be reduced carbohydrate availability coupled with an inability to effectively utilize alternative lipid fuel sources. Paradoxically, cognitive and physical decline associated with glycogen depletion occurs in the presence of an over-abundance of fuel stored as body fat that the athlete is apparently unable to access effectively. Current fuelling tactics that emphasize high-carbohydrate intakes before and during exercise inhibit fat utilization. The most efficient approach to accelerate the body’s ability to oxidize fat is to lower dietary carbohydrate intake to a level that results in nutritional ketosis (i.e., circulating ketone levels >0.5 mmol/L) while increasing fat intake for a period of several weeks. The coordinated set of metabolic adaptations that ensures proper interorgan fuel supply in the face of low-carbohydrate availability is referred to as keto-adaptation. Beyond simply providing a stable source of fuel for the brain, the major circulating ketone body, beta-hydroxybutyrate, has recently been shown to act as a signalling molecule capable of altering gene expression, eliciting complementary effects of keto-adaptation that could extend human physical and mental performance beyond current expectation. In this paper, we review these new findings and propose that the shift to fatty acids and ketones as primary fuels when dietary carbohydrate is restricted could be of benefit for some athletes.  相似文献   

Considerations for protein intake in managing weight loss in athletes     

Caoileann H. Murphy  Amy J. Hector 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(1):21-28

Abstract

A large body of evidence now shows that higher protein intakes (2–3 times the protein Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g/kg/d) during periods of energy restriction can enhance fat-free mass (FFM) preservation, particularly when combined with exercise. The mechanisms underpinning the FFM-sparing effect of higher protein diets remain to be fully elucidated but may relate to the maintenance of the anabolic sensitivity of skeletal muscle to protein ingestion. From a practical point of view, athletes aiming to reduce fat mass and preserve FFM should be advised to consume protein intakes in the range of ～1.8–2.7 g kg^?1 d^?1 (or ～2.3–3.1 g kg^?1 FFM) in combination with a moderate energy deficit (?500 kcal) and the performance of some form of resistance exercise. The target level of protein intake within this recommended range requires consideration of a number of case-specific factors including the athlete's body composition, habitual protein intake and broader nutrition goals. Athletes should focus on consuming high-quality protein sources, aiming to consume protein feedings evenly spaced throughout the day. Post-exercise consumption of 0.25–0.3 g protein meal^?1 from protein sources with high leucine content and rapid digestion kinetics (i.e. whey protein) is recommended to optimise exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis. When protein is consumed as part of a mixed macronutrient meal and/or before bed slightly higher protein doses may be optimal.  相似文献   

新疆罗布泊维吾尔人民间饮食文化调查研究     

热比亚木  艾尼外尔  瓦力  沙吾提·帕万 《科教文汇》2015,(6)

饮食是人类物质生活最基本的内容之一。同时,一个地区、一个群体的饮食文化往往是一个地区、一个群体文化的浓缩。因此,罗布泊维吾尔人的多姿多彩的文化中独具特色的应是饮食文化。本文根据田野调查资料,对罗布泊维吾尔族传统饮食文化做一概述。  相似文献   

“食品检验分析”教学改革的探讨     

薛博  赵春燕  邵玉 《科教文汇》2015,(14)

“食品检验分析”课程存在行动指导性,内容能够与日常生活中常见的问题结合在一起。为此,本文阐述了教学改革中实施的要点和取得的效果。扩大了学生的知识面,激发了学生的学习兴趣,培养了学生实际动手操作和思考的能力,为学生今后踏上工作岗位打下基础。  相似文献   

食品微生物教育的“教”与“学”     

朱炫 《科教文汇》2015,(19)

随着科学技术的快速迭代发展,同时伴随着国内外食品安全事件的频发,现有的食品微生物教育已经无法适应以技术应用型、综合创新型人才等为主的时代需求,如何培养新一代的人才一直困扰着广大的教育工作者。本文以食品微生物教育教学经验和广泛学生调查为基础,将从教师以及学生两个方面简述食品微生物教育的“教”与“学”。  相似文献   

我国长期定位施肥试验与农业可持续生产   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐明岗  周世伟  张文菊  卢昌艾 《中国科学院院刊》2015,30(Z1):141-149

土壤肥料长期定位试验能揭示农业生态系统长期的变化趋势, 对探索农业可持续性有重要的指导意义。文章在简述我国农田土壤肥料长期试验网络基础上, 从土壤有机质演变、作物产量变化、土壤酸化机制、土壤生态功能演变以及施肥的环境效应等方面, 详细阐述了30 余年长期试验所取得的成果, 并对存在的问题进行剖析和展望未来发展, 以期推动我国土壤质量特别是土壤肥力演变研究, 提升国家耕地质量和农业生产可持续性。  相似文献