A new industry creation and originality: Insight from the funding sources of university patents     

Marco Guerzoni  T. Taylor Aldridge  David B. Audretsch  Sameeksha Desai 《Research Policy》2014

Scientific breakthroughs coming from universities can contribute to the emergence of new industries, such as in the case of biotechnology. Obviously, not all research conducted in universities leads to a radical change from existing technological trajectories. Patents and patent dynamics have long been recognized as critical in understanding the emergence of new technologies and industries. Specifically, patent citations provide insight into the originality of a discovery that has received patent protection. Yet while a large body of literature addresses the impact of patent originality on various firm performance measures, we address the question of what conditions drive patent originality in the process of knowledge creation within the university. Using data on patented cancer research, we examine how research context – as reflected by the funding source for each scientist – is associated with patent originality. We find that when university scientists are partly funded by their own university, they have a higher propensity to generate more original patents. By contrast, university scientists funded either by industry or other non-university organizations have a lower propensity to generate more original patents. The significance of our findings in the cancer research setting call for further research on this question in other research fields.  相似文献   

Managing research and innovation networks: Evidence from a government sponsored cross-industry program     

Per Levén  Jonny Holmström  Lars Mathiassen 《Research Policy》2014

Important innovations are increasingly produced based on research engagement and fertilization across industries. However, we know little about the challenges associated with managing innovation networks in specific contexts that involves researchers in cross-industry collaboration. Against this backdrop, we draw on theory on design and orchestration of innovation networks to analyze a large-scale government sponsored program, “ProcessIT Innovations” that was designed to increase competitiveness and accelerate economic growth in Northern Sweden. The program was initiated and led by firms from the traditionally strong local process industry and engaged local researchers and firms from the emerging IT industry. Based on our analyses, we offer two contributions. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the challenges related to configuration of the network, orchestration of partnerships between participants, and facilitation of innovation in dedicated development projects. Second, we propose a model of managing research and innovation networks through fertilization across industries and between firms and research institutions.  相似文献   

Knowledge flows and bases in emerging economy innovation systems: Brazilian research 2005–2009     

Branco Ponomariov  Hannes Toivanen 《Research Policy》2014

This article considers the role of domestic knowledge capabilities for developing countries and emerging economies, and in particular in the build-up of their national systems of innovation. Using bibliometric methods, we describe the geographic sources of knowledge and the users of Brazilian research in 2005–2009, and analyze the roles of domestic and foreign knowledge bases in it. Our results suggest that increasing reliance on domestic sources of knowledge is a feature of Brazil's improved science and technology capabilities. The ascendancy of Brazil's research informs us about the unfolding re-organization of global research, too, underlining nascent South-South knowledge flows, the prevailing relevance of EU research, and the relative decline of US research for Brazilian knowledge creation.  相似文献   

《大学计算机基础》大班额教学问题及策略研究     

李姗 《人天科学研究》2014,(9):176-178

大班额是指班级学生人数严重超过常规班级学生人数数量的一种教育现象。当前,各大高校公共基础课的课程教学普遍采用大班额教学。分析了《大学计算机基础》大班额教学中的主要问题,并提出了该课程实施大班额教学的有效方法。  相似文献   

基于文献计量的铝矿科技发展态势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王立伟  郑军卫  赵纪东  刘学 《资源科学》2014,36(3):653-659

以SCIE数据库中2003-2012年间的铝矿研究论文为数据源,利用Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)和UCINET软件对其进行数据挖掘和定量分析。结果显示:近10年来,铝矿研究论文数量呈整体增长趋势,年均增长率达5%,但各年度增长率有一定差异;其重点研究方向一是侧重于采矿与矿石处理、地质学、矿物学、地球化学等,二是侧重铝矿勘探开发中的环境保护研究;中国、澳大利亚及其主要研究机构在该领域占据领先地位;近年来,中国及其主要研究机构的铝矿研究非常活跃,特别是中国科学院,其论文量遥遥领先于俄罗斯科学院、澳大利亚西澳大学等其他机构,但研究水平、影响力以及国际合作能力仍有待提升。  相似文献   

情报研究有效性评价的影响因素及对策分析     

钟丽萍 《情报杂志》2014,(11)

原创性定义情报研究有效性评价的概念。将情报研究有效性评价的影响因素分为主体因素、过程因素和制度因素等。为避免影响因素引起的评价偏倚提出相应对策,包括：专家团队的合理布局、评审程序的合理设计以及建立客观、系统、可量化的评价标准等。对评价标准的客观性、系统性、可量化性等属性进行深入描述。  相似文献   

国外体育旅游可持续发展的文献计量分析(2000—2020)     

苏亚丁  陈星意 《体育科学研究》2022,(1)

体育旅游是一种相对较新的旅游类型,自2015年17项联合国可持续发展目标发布以来发展迅速。使用文献计量VOSviewer软件,分析来自Web of Science(WoS)索引期刊的377篇文章。结果表明,在过去四年中,人们对这一概念的研究兴趣一直在增长。该研究领域自2000年以来,作者和期刊的集中度普遍较低。出版物发表量的增加与大型体育赛事或发布可持续发展目标有关。该研究的主要贡献在于确定重要的研究问题,例如体育旅游与健康休闲、体育赛事参与者与旅游满意度、参与动机对当地社区环境的影响等,这些问题应该得到解决。  相似文献   

如何开展科研元评价：来自英澳的启示     

杨佳乐 《科技管理研究》2022,(17)

科研元评价发挥着监测科研评价目标达成、完善科研评价方案制定、发现科研评价执行偏差、优化科研评价实施方式、改进科研评价结果使用等重要功能。英国和澳大利亚将元评价作为其科研评价体系保持与时俱进的治理机制,在元评价主体、内容、方法、结果及使用方面对我国建立健全科研元评价制度具有启发价值。具体而言,元评价主体应坚持学术同行与最终用户相结合,元评价内容坚持实证评价与价值评价相结合,元评价方法坚持定量评价与定性评价相结合,元评价结果使用坚持总结性评价与形成性评价相结合。但不容忽视的是,英澳两国的评价规模远小于中国,在评价负担上差异明显,因而必须在参考借鉴域外经验基础上探索适合中国国情的科研元评价制度。  相似文献   

“教育科研方法”在五年制师范课程实施中所面临的困境及解决对策     

卢新伟 《科教文汇》2014,(5):32-32,60

“教育科研方法”课程是师范生根据教师素质的要求必修的一门课程,但该课程在五年制师范专业实施的过程中却面临着教材不适宜、学生没兴趣、教学效果差等困境。针对这些问题,本文给出了相应的解决建议。  相似文献   

武术套路运动中运动损伤之研究述评     

杨慧君  齐家玉  左国雄 《四川体育科学》2014,(5):42-45

武术套路运动是一项对速度、爆发力和协调性要求特别高的全身性运动,尤其是2003年武术套路新规则实施以后,竞技武术套路进一步向着“高、难、美、新”方向发展,运动员运动损伤现象更是屡见不鲜。研究从武术套路运动中运动损伤的种类、部位、原因和预防等方面对运动员运动损伤的研究现状进行分析和评述,提出武术套路运动损伤的研究不仅仅要注重对膝、踝、腰等常见损伤部位的研究,也要兼顾并深化对腕、肘、肩等低危损伤部位的研究,同时开展运动损伤的预防和治疗的干预效果的实验研究。  相似文献