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Benjamin Bartl Martin Zapletal Štěpán Urbánek Monika Krejčí Slavíková Jiří Trejbal Zdeněk Hrdlička 《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):138-145
ABSTRACTp>Mechanical properties of aged beeswax were studied by an indirect measurement, using hydrogenated beeswax as a model material. The adequacy of the model was evaluated by comparison of its chemical composition and thermal properties with those of samples of historical beeswax. It was found that the gradual decrease in content of unsaturated compounds in beeswax contributes significantly to changes of its mechanical properties. As a consequence, beeswax artefacts become increasingly prone to mechanical damage during natural ageing. Understanding the difference between mechanical properties of recent and historical beeswax is primarily important from the point of view of safe handling and storage of such artefacts. Besides, this knowledge could help conservation scientists, e. g. when preparing model samples for testing new conservation methods. 相似文献
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Thomas p. Hughes Pierre Papon Keith Pavitt John Ziman Michael J. Moravcsik 《Minerva》1979,17(4):555-573
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This paper analyzes ethical aspects of the new paradigm of Ambient Intelligence, which is a combination of Ubiquitous Computing
and Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI’s). After an introduction to the approach, two key ethical dimensions will be analyzed:
freedom and privacy. It is argued that Ambient Intelligence, though often designed to enhance freedom and control, has the
potential to limit freedom and autonomy as well. Ambient Intelligence also harbors great privacy risks, and these are explored
as well. 相似文献
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Mohd. Sahandri Gani Hamzah Vijayaletchumy a/p Subramamam Saifuddin Kumar Abdullah 《美中教育评论》2009,6(9):67-84
In national perception, education is essentially for all. This is fundamental to all-round development, material and spiritual. It refines sensitivities and perceptions that contribute to national cohesion, a scientific temper and independence of mind and spirit--thus furthering the goals of socialism secularism and democracy enshrined in our constitution. The objective of the study focuses on achievement of children with learning disability in science. There are 5 null hypothesis tested in this research. The sample used in this study includes 35 children with learning disabilities in experimental group and 42 children with learning disabilities in control group. The different views taken on special education have ignited spark of controversies over segregating some children from the mainstream and providing them with extra opportunities. There are arguments for and against both special education and integrated education. Special education means the specifically designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of special children. It requires special materials, teaching, techniques, equipment and facilities. The design was an experimental research pre and post-test equivalent group. The research shows that there is no significant difference in all learning objective such as knowledge, comprehension and skill between control group and experimental group in the pre-test. This two sample groups also did not show any significant difference in the pre-test irrespective of gender, educational qualification of the teacher, years of experience of the teacher, parents＇ education, parents＇ profession, parents＇ income, type of management and type of school. On the other hand, for the post-test all the characteristics show that there are significant differences. This shows that there are effects on the treatment group in learning objective. Furthermore the experimental group showed significantly higher gain score than the control group with regard to the learning objective which comprises of knowledge, comprehension, application and skill. 相似文献
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Maj Asplund Carlsson Márta Fülüp Ference Marton 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(1):5-18
Literary understanding can be studied not only as a theory of literature but also as a practice among readers. The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into what personal theories student teachers hold about literary understanding, since the way a teacher conceptualises a problem has an influence on students' learning of literature. Two separate studies were carried out of how student teachers in two cultures, the Hungarian and the Swedish, understand the concept of literary understanding. Twenty-five Hungarian and eight Swedish students were interviewed and the interviews were transcribed and analysed according to the phenomenographic method of qualitative analysis. The student teachers' conceptions were captured in two sets of categories describing how understanding took place and what they had understood. The descriptions of the process of understanding were then characterised in four qualitatively different categories: understanding as a linear process, understanding as a vertical process, understanding as a process of discernment and, finally, understanding through variation. The descriptions of the outcome of understanding were also characterised in four qualitatively different categories: as the author's intended meaning, as textual meaning, as a personal meaning and as the legitimate meaning. The categories found capture a substantial proportion of the potential variation in how literary understanding can be seen. The three central aspects of human awareness and understanding, variation, discernment and simultaneity, can all be found in the students' conceptions of literary understanding. 相似文献
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Awang-Hashim Rosna Kaur Amrita Yusof Norhafezah Shanmugam S. Kanageswari a/p Suppiah Manaf Nor Aziah Abdul Zubairi Ainol Madziah Voon Angelina Yee Seow Malek Marzura Abdul 《Higher Education》2022,83(3):635-654
Higher Education - The shift in contemporary workplaces has caused higher education institutions to place importance on developing non-academic attributes along with academic success to help... 相似文献
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René?MahieuEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile Nees?Jan?van?Eck David?van?Putten Jeroen?van den?Hoven 《Ethics and Information Technology》2018,20(3):175-187
Our lives are increasingly intertwined with the digital realm, and with new technology, new ethical problems emerge. The academic field that addresses these problems—which we tentatively call ‘digital ethics’—can be an important intellectual resource for policy making and regulation. This is why it is important to understand how the new ethical challenges of a digital society are being met by academic research. We have undertaken a scientometric analysis to arrive at a better understanding of the nature, scope and dynamics of the field of digital ethics. Our approach in this paper shows how the field of digital ethics is distributed over various academic disciplines. By first having experts select a collection of keywords central to digital ethics, we have generated a dataset of articles discussing these issues. This approach allows us to generate a scientometric visualisation of the field of digital ethics, without being constrained by any preconceived definitions of academic disciplines. We have first of all found that the number of publications pertaining to digital ethics is exponentially increasing. We furthermore established that whereas one may expect digital ethics to be a species of ethics, we in fact found that the various questions pertaining to digital ethics are predominantly being discussed in computer science, law and biomedical science. It is in these fields, more than in the independent field of ethics, that ethical discourse is being developed around concrete and often technical issues. Moreover, it appears that some important ethical values are very prominent in one field (e.g., autonomy in medical science), while being almost absent in others. We conclude that to get a thorough understanding of, and grip on, all the hard ethical questions of a digital society, ethicists, policy makers and legal scholars will need to familiarize themselves with the concrete and practical work that is being done across a range of different scientific fields to deal with these questions. 相似文献