Assessment of three-dimensional joint kinematics of the upper limb during simulated swimming using wearable inertial-magnetic measurement units     

Silvia Fantozzi  Andrea Giovanardi  Fabrício Anício Magalhães  Rocco Di Michele  Matteo Cortesi  Giorgio Gatta 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(11):1073-1080

The analysis of the joint kinematics during swimming plays a fundamental role both in sports conditioning and in clinical contexts. Contrary to the traditional video analysis, wearable inertial-magnetic measurements units (IMMUs) allow to analyse both the underwater and aerial phases of the swimming stroke over the whole length of the swimming pool. Furthermore, the rapid calibration and short data processing required by IMMUs provide coaches and athletes with an immediate feedback on swimming kinematics during training. This study aimed to develop a protocol to assess the three-dimensional kinematics of the upper limbs during swimming using IMMUs. Kinematics were evaluated during simulated dry-land swimming trials performed in the laboratory by eight swimmers. A stereo-photogrammetric system was used as the gold standard. The results showed high coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) values, with median (first–third quartile) of 0.97 (0.93–0.95) and 0.99 (0.97–0.99) for simulated front-crawl and breaststroke, respectively. Furthermore, the joint angles were estimated with an accuracy increasing from distal to proximal joints, with wrist indices showing median CMC values always higher than 0.90. The present findings represent an important step towards the practical use of technology based on IMMUs for the kinematic analysis of swimming in applied contexts.  相似文献   

Differences in pedalling technique between road cyclists of different competitive levels     

Juan García-López  Sergio Díez-Leal  Ana Ogueta-Alday  Josu Larrazabal  José A. Rodríguez-Marroyo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(17):1619-1626

The purpose of this study was to compare the pedalling technique in road cyclists of different competitive levels. Eleven professional, thirteen elite and fourteen club cyclists were assessed at the beginning of their competition season. Cyclists’ anthropometric characteristics and bike measurements were recorded. Three sets of pedalling (200, 250 and 300 W) on a cycle ergometer that simulated their habitual cycling posture were performed at a constant cadence (~90 rpm), while kinetic and kinematic variables were registered. The results showed no differences on the main anthropometric variables and bike measurements. Professional cyclists obtained higher positive impulse proportion (1.5–3.3% and P < 0.05), mainly due to a lower resistive torque during the upstroke (15.4–28.7% and P < 0.05). They also showed a higher ankle range of movement (ROM, 1.1–4.0° and P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found between the cyclists’ body mass and the kinetic variables of pedalling: positive impulse proportion (r = ?0.59 to ?0.61), minimum (r = ?0.59 to ?0.63) and maximum torques (r = 0.35–0.47). In conclusion, professional cyclists had better pedalling technique than elite and club cyclists, because they opted for enhancing pulling force at the recovery phase to sustain the same power output. This technique depended on cycling experience and level of expertise.  相似文献   

Coordination pattern of baseball pitching among young pitchers of various ages and velocity levels     

Hsiu-Hui Chen  Chiang Liu  Wen-Wen Yang 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(17):1682-1690

This study compared the whole-body movement coordination of pitching among 72 baseball players of various ages and velocity levels. Participants were classified as senior, junior, and little according to their age, with each group comprising 24 players. The velocity levels of the high-velocity (the top eight) and low-velocity (the lowest eight) groups were classified according to their pitching velocity. During pitching, the coordinates of 15 markers attached to the major joints of the whole-body movement system were collected for analysis. Sixteen kinematic parameters were calculated to compare the groups and velocity levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to quantify the coordination pattern of pitching movement. The results were as follows: (1) five position and two velocity parameters significantly differed among the age groups, and two position and one velocity parameters significantly differed between the high- and low-velocity groups. (2) The coordination patterns of pitching movement could be described using three components, of which the eigenvalues and contents varied according to age and velocity level. In conclusion, the senior and junior players showed greater elbow angular velocity, whereas the little players exhibited a wider shoulder angle only at the beginning of pitching. The players with high velocity exhibited higher trunk and shoulder rotation velocity. The variations among groups found using PCA and kinematics parameter analyses were consistent.  相似文献   

Dribbling determinants in sub-elite youth soccer players     

Matteo Zago  Andrea Gianluca Piovan  Isabella Annoni  Daniela Ciprandi  F. Marcello Iaia 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(5):411-419

Dribbling speed in soccer is considered critical to the outcome of the game and can assist in the talent identification process. However, little is known about the biomechanics of this skill. By means of a motion capture system, we aimed to quantitatively investigate the determinants of effective dribbling skill in a group of 10 Under-13 sub-elite players, divided by the median-split technique according to their dribbling test time (faster and slower groups). Foot-ball contacts cadence, centre of mass (CoM), ranges of motion (RoM), velocity and acceleration, as well as stride length, cadence and variability were computed. Hip and knee joint RoMs were also considered. Faster players, as compared to slower players, showed a 30% higher foot-ball cadence (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 contacts · s^?1, P < 0.01); reduced CoM mediolateral (0.91 ± 0.05 vs. 1.14 ± 0.16 m, P < 0.05) and vertical (0.19 ± 0.01 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 m, P < 0.05) RoMs; higher right stride cadence (+20%, P < 0.05) with lower variability (P < 0.05); reduced hip and knee flexion RoMs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, faster players are able to run with the ball through a shorter path in a more economical way. To effectively develop dribbling skill, coaches are encouraged to design specific practices where high stride frequency and narrow run trajectories are required.  相似文献   

基于ADAMS的微型管道机器人三维实体运动仿真   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵玉侠  狄杰建  高德文 《实验室研究与探索》2011,30(1):26-29

在ADAMS环境下,建立了小口径六轮机器人运动模型,创建了相应的仿真环境,并进行了三维实体运动仿真。通过对质心处的位移、速度、加速度曲线以及对弹簧的力和驱动力矩曲线的分析,证明该六轮机器人在直管道内的移动具有基本的运动稳定性和可行性。为了解机器人工作空间的形态和大小提供了一种实验手段。以管道内受限微型机器人的运动学模型为例进行了运动学分析。结果表明,该行走机构具有结构紧凑、驱动效率高、安装方便、工作可靠、成本低廉等特点。  相似文献   

Motor control of practice and actual strokes by professional and amateur golfers differ but feature a distance-dependent control strategy     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(9):1204-1213

Abstract

We explored how practice and actual putting strokes differed between professionals and high-level golf amateurs, and how practice strokes reflected subtle differences in putting distances. We analysed swing amplitude, impact velocity, and acceleration profile of the club-head. The acceleration profiles showed that the motor control pattern of the practice stroke differed from that of the actual stroke. To clarify the effects of different putting distances on the practice stroke and to analyse how much the actual stroke could be explained by the practice stroke, we conducted individual regression analyses. The practice strokes of all participants could be divided into three strategies and five types by the coefficient of determination and the slope. This implies that the purpose of the practice stroke varied among golfers. Most golfers used the individual velocity criteria in their practice strokes, which resulted in different putting distances based on their criteria. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in skill level between professionals and high-level amateurs. The results of this study imply that the practice stroke does not duplicate the actual stroke, even for professional golfers with excellent skills. However, most high-level golfers adopted distance-dependent control strategies for slightly different putting distances.  相似文献   

我国优秀女子铅球选手滑步技术特征的运动学研究     

董海军  苏明理  吴钟权  严波涛  许崇高  韩敬 《西安体育学院学报》2010,27(1)

通过运动学分析的方法,对我国参加2008年北京奥运会的三名优秀女子铅球运动员的滑步技术进行研究,发现巩立姣在滑步阶段右腿的蹬伸方式不合理,蹬摆配合不好,右腿收拉不积极,滑步距离小、用时多.李玲右腿蹬伸充分,滑步距离较长.李梅菊滑步阶段身体重心上下起伏的程度小,滑步技术好.  相似文献   

我国女子撑竿跳高技术的运动学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨世木  吴玉钦  赖国华 《广州体育学院学报》1998,(2)

采用高速摄影与影片解析的方法,对参加１９９６年全国田径锦标赛的６名优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员的技术进行测试,用握杆高度、人体质心速度变化和转动惯量等指标来揭示人—杆系统的运动学规律及其特征。结果表明,孙彩云的“低髋摆体”技术较先进。  相似文献   

我国优秀男子标枪运动员投掷技术的三维运动学研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘虎平 《北京体育大学学报》2007,30(7):984-986

就第十届全运会田径比赛男子掷标枪决赛前8名的运动员运动技术动作进行解析研究,求得投掷动作的运动学技术参数,依据运动学参数以比较不同运动员达到较好运动成绩时所采用的个人独特投掷方式,为教练员认识标枪运动的复杂性与不同运动员的不同技术风格,科学地制定训练计划,控制训练过程奠定坚实的基础.  相似文献   

国内优秀男子跳板跳水运动员起跳技术的运动学分析     

郭梁  邹亮畴 《天津体育学院学报》2010,25(2):158-161

目的:进一步探讨立定跳板跳水起跳技术的生物力学规律.方法:采用影像分析法、数理统计法等方法,对何冲等7 gila优秀男子跳板跳水运动员起跳缓冲技术进行运动学分析.结果:与其他6名运动员相比.何冲缓冲时间最长(0.08 s),蹬伸压板时间最短(0.2 s),压板末肩关节角度最大141°.结论:髋、膝、踝在缓冲末较小的关节角度可以增加身体重心下降的高度,有利于压板;相关肌群肌肉力量是影响缓冲能力和蹬伸速度的决定因素.  相似文献