不同速度正向单摇双脚跳绳支撑期下肢及 下肢各关节运动生物力学特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

井兰香 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(5):83-89

目的：测试不同速度正向单摇双脚跳绳运动支撑期动力学及运动学参数，分析下肢及下肢各关节生物力学特征变化规律。方法：选取12名男性专业跳绳运动员分别完成慢、中、快三种速度正向单摇双脚连续跳绳运动，同步采集跳绳过程地面反作用力和运动学数据，计算支撑期下肢及下肢各关节动力学参数。结果：中速跳绳峰值地面反作用力、爆发力等明显大于慢、快速跳绳（P＜005），随着跳绳速度升高关节活动范围明显减小（P＜005），快速跳绳时腿刚度（P＜001）和髋、膝、踝关节刚度值最大（P＜001），踝关节能量吸收贡献度%最大（P＜001）。结论：慢速、中速双脚连续跳绳可锻炼髋、膝、踝关节周围肌肉的超等长收缩能力，快速跳绳主要锻炼踝关节快速超等长收缩能力及髋、膝关节稳定性；跳绳锻炼时应注意下肢尤其是踝关节拉伸热身，提高柔韧性以降低损伤风险。  相似文献   

遗传性痉挛性截瘫——附1家系4例报告     

吴绍长 《科技通报》2001,17(5):83-85

遗传性痉挛性截瘫是神经系统的退行性疾病，报道了一家族兄弟四人均患遗传性痉挛性截瘫，结合有关文献，阐述本病的分类、诊断及早期诊断依据、鉴别诊断及优生学意义，以提高以该疾病的认识。  相似文献   

高校篮球运动员踝关节损伤的原因及预防措施   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄长剑 《闽江学院学报》2007,28(2):111-113

在篮球运动中,踝关节损伤是常见的运动损伤之一.根据踝关节生理结构,分析了造成踝关节损伤的原因：运动和训练中准备活动不充分,缓冲不够,气候不良与场地不适应,带伤和疲劳状态下训练、心理状态不良等.预防踝关节损伤应全面地从尊重科学规律加强自我保护意识,掌握缓冲技术,提高平衡能力入手制订相应措施.  相似文献   

不同频率的振动训练对篮球运动员踝关节本体感觉的干预效果研究     

贺子萱 《体育科技文献通报》2022,(2)

目的:研究低频、中频、高频三种不同频率的振动训练对篮球运动员踝关节本体感觉的影响。方法:在我校招募78例篮球运动员作为受试对象,按照干预方法不同将受试者分为低频组、中频组、高频组和对照组。低频组、高频组各20例,中频组、对照组各19例,干预组29例。对照组进行常规体能训练,低频组在对照组的基础上给予振动频率为20Hz;振动幅度为3mm的振动训练干预;中频组在对照组的基础上给予振动频率为30Hz;振动幅度为3mm的振动训练干预;高频组在对照组的基础上给予振动频率为45Hz;振动幅度为3mm的振动训练干预。10min/次,4次/周,在干预前及干预8周后测量受试者右侧踝关节的位置觉、肌肉力觉和运动觉。结果:组内比较中,干预8周后低频组、中频组、高频组的位置觉、肌肉力觉、运动觉与干预前比较均有显著性差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较中,干预8周后低频组、中频组、高频组的定位角度与复位角度之间误差角度值、目标力矩与复现力矩之间误差值、感觉阈值均显著小于对照组,组间的位置觉、肌肉力觉、运动觉有统计学差异(P<0.05);高频组的位置觉明显优于中频组,肌肉力觉和运动觉明显优于低频组,组间有显著性差异,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:低频、中频、高频三种不同频率的振动训练均能够提高篮球运动员踝关节的位置觉、肌肉力觉和运动觉,从而提高本体感觉,其中以高频振动效果最为显著。  相似文献   

单侧功能性踝关节不稳者踝内外翻等速肌力研究     

张阳  张秋霞 《山西师大体育学院学报》2013,(5):118-122

目的：探讨单侧功能性踝关节不稳者踝关节内外翻肌力特征。方法：选取15名患有单侧功能性踝关节不稳的受试者为实验组,匹配15名无踝关节伤病的受试者作为对照组。采用CON—TREX多关节等速力量测试系统对其进行踝关节内外翻肌力测试。结果：不管是向心收缩还是离心收缩,实验组踝关节内外翻肌力的相对峰值力矩都要明显小于对照组;而在外内翻峰值力矩比的比较中,两组间都没有显著性差异。结论：无论是向心运动还是离心运动,功能性踝关节不稳者惠侧足的内外翻肌力都存在严重不足,明显弱于正常人,其原因可能与踝关节损伤后造成的踝关节不稳有关。  相似文献   

The role of footwear in minimizing lower limb injury     

R.A. Barnes  P.D. Smith 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):341-353

The shoe can be thought of as a powerful tool for controlling human movement. A well‐designed shoe can assist in reducing the number of lower limb injuries arising from sport and training activities. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the main thrusts of research in this field by means of a digest of current thinking and practice.

The paper initially presents a survey of work in the biomechanical field with particular reference to the design of footwear. A review of the types of injury acquired by sportsmen in both training and playing is then followed by a discussion of aspects of footwear design and their role in both contributing to and preventing lower limb injury. Finally, the paper considers support and shock absorption techniques in the context of footwear design.

It is concluded that research has been wide‐ranging and thorough. However, the complexity of the biomechanical system being studied has prevented definitive recommendations for the prevention of injury being made in every case. Nonetheless, it is clear that a number of guiding principles have been established which should be the basis for future developments in footwear design to minimize the chance of lower limb injury.  相似文献   

Increased toe-flexor muscle strength does not alter metatarsophalangeal and ankle joint mechanics or running economy     

Evan M. Day 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(23):2702-2710

ABSTRACT

The intrinsic foot musculature (IFM) supports the arches of the foot and controls metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) motion. Stronger IFM can increase the effective foot length, potentially altering lower-extremity gearing similar to that of using carbon-fibre-plated footwear. The purpose of this study was to investigate if strengthening of the IFM can alter gait mechanics and improve running economy. Eleven participants were randomly assigned into an experimental group and nine into a control group. The experimental group performed IFM strengthening exercises for ten weeks. Toe-flexor strength, gait mechanics, and running economy were assessed at baseline, five weeks, and ten weeks; using a custom strength testing apparatus, motion capture and force-instrumented treadmill, and indirect calorimetry. Toe-flexor strength increased in the experimental group (p = .006); however, MTPJ and ankle mechanics and running economy did not change. The dearth of changes in mechanics may be due to a lack of mechanical advantage of the IFM, runners staying within their preferred movement path, a need for MTPJ dorsiflexion to facilitate the windlass mechanism, or the primary function of the IFM being to support the longitudinal arch of the foot as opposed to modulating MTPJ mechanics.  相似文献   

游泳运动中踝关节的理论分析与实践探索     

王颖 《河北能源职业技术学院学报》2013,(1):95-96

在游泳运动中,任何一种泳姿的游进时都需要用腿的动力,而两腿最后用力的末关节均是踝关节。踝关节的力量、速度、柔韧素质好坏直接影响腿的效果,继而影响整个动作的效果。  相似文献   

篮球运动对人体踝关节损伤的原因及预防的研究     

李晓峰 《科教文汇》2012,(21):141-141,150

篮球运动作为高校体育教育专业的主干课程之一,在体育教育专业课程体系中占有重要地位。通过对我院篮球普修课上人体易伤部位的踝关节进行了调查分析的探究,试找出损伤原因。最大限度地减少和避免篮球普修课上篮球运动中损伤的发生,为今后的教学、训练和体育锻炼提供科学的理论依据。  相似文献   

The predictive value of the multiple hop test for first-time noncontact lateral ankle sprains     

《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(1):86-93

ABSTRACT

The predictive value of the multiple hop test for first-time noncontact lateral ankle sprains. Background: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are very common sports injuries, cause high health care costs and are associated with postural control deficits. From a preventive point of view, clinicians should dispose valid field tests to identify athletes at risk for a LAS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of the multiple hop test (MHT) for first-time noncontact LAS. Methods: Non-elite athletes (n = 232) performed the MHT at baseline. During a 12-month follow-up period, all noncontact LAS related to health care costs were recorded. Outcomes of the MHT (completion time, balance errors and perceived difficulty) between the injured and uninjured group were compared and odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) were calculated using a logistic regression analysis. Results: Ten first-time noncontact LAS were recorded (4.3%). Injured athletes made significantly more change-in-support strategy (CSS) errors when compared to uninjured athletes (p = .04). The OR of the number of CSS errors was 1.14 (p = .03), the RR 4.1 (p = .04). Conclusions: Athletes scoring > 12 CSS errors, have a four times increased risk for a first-time noncontact LAS. The MHT is a valid field test to identify athletes at risk for a first-time noncontact LAS.  相似文献