Demand for Agricultural Extension Services Among Small-Scale Maize Farmers: Micro-Level Evidence from Kenya     

Eric O. Gido  Kenneth W. Sibiko  Oscar I. Ayuya 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2015,21(2):177-192

  相似文献   

论民营教育品牌延伸存在的问题及策略     

罗满建 《毕节学院学报》2015,(3):112-116

品牌延伸在民营教育发展中起到重要作用,但也表现出品牌延伸的风险.主要存在五类现实问题;针对这些问题,提出民营教育机构应在运营方式、教育延伸品牌、品牌传播方式等方面进行创新的具体方法,在决策中引入风险管控模型、组织变革实施的具体步骤,便于品牌经营者指导实际的管控活动.  相似文献   

Influence of voluntary coffee certifications on cooperatives’ advisory services and agricultural practices of smallholder farmers in Costa Rica     

Anna Snider  Eva Kraus  Nicole Sibelet  Aske Skovmand Bosselmann  Guy Faure 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2016,22(5):435-453

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This article explores how voluntary certifications influence the way cooperatives provide advisory services to their members and the influence of these services on agricultural practices. Design/Methodology/Approach: Case studies were conducted in four representative Costa Rican cooperatives interviewing twenty interviewed cooperative administrators and members to determine changes in advisory services and farming practices over the past twenty years and factors which influenced those changes. Findings: Certifications induce cooperatives to offer new services to support farmers. Cooperatives form collaborations with new stakeholders or reconfigure existing collaborations to provide advisory services to their members. These services have helped to shape farmers’ attitudes about sustainable farming practices, though farm-level changes may be small. The main change at the cooperative level is adding new topics for group training, and certification issues are directly linked with practices such as maintaining a farm record book or wearing a mask when applying pesticides. Practices which compete with productivity are unlikely to change. Practical Implications: The results are useful to improve the advisory services provided by cooperatives by better identifying the key issues to be addressed to fulfill the certifications’ requirements. Theoretical implications: Cooperatives are a relevant player to induce more sustainable practices, by providing or coordinating advisory services, but their efforts cannot be seen disconnected from a broader institutional environment. Originality/Value: We demonstrate that certifications change the intensity and scope of advisory services and induce cooperatives to engage with a more diverse network of stakeholders.  相似文献   

原型与意义推断——动词break之原型与意义推断实证研究     

唐树华  梁丽李芳 《当代文化与教育研究》2007,(12):16-19

制约中国英语学习者语言输出的瓶颈之一是中文式词意推断．而原型理论从认知的角度对词义的推断和延伸赋予了新的阐释：即每一个词汇均代表了一个语义范畴，在这个特定的范畴中，推断总是从最典型的成员到非典型成员通过隐喻、转喻等认知机制来实现。本文运用原型理论．以动词break为例．凋查了中国英语学习者与本族语者在此类动词的原型识别和意义推断等方面的相似与不同之处．并对英语词汇习得与教学提供了有益的启示。本研究运用对比分析．相关分析等方法．回答四个问题：１、中国英语学习者与英语本族语者对动词break的原型识别是否一致；2、二者对break的意义推断有无显著差异；3、中国英语学习者对break的意义推断是否受到母语原型识别的影响；4、影响意义推断的指导机制。本研究涉及的工具根据Rosch原型测试范例设计。包括自由造句测试。典型性判断测试，可译性测试等等。研究对象分别为110名某大学不同专业二年级学生以及34名英语本族语者。研究结果表明，二者的原型识别一致，但意义推断呈现出显著差异，同时中国英语学习者的可译性测试结果与母语原型识别结果呈正相关；本文也揭示了影响意义推断的指导机制.  相似文献   

给CONF IG.SYS、COMMAND.COM等文件改名并放置于子目录     

饶拱维 《嘉应学院学报》1994,(2):36-37

本文提供一个把CONFIG.SYS、COMMAND.COM、AUTOEXEC.BAT文件改名并放于子目录的方法,旨在防止上述文件被他人删改及病毒感染。  相似文献   

可拓集合     

张强 《石家庄学院学报》1999,(4)

回顾了Cantor集合到Fuzzy集合的演变,着重讨论了可拓集合的产生和意义,并探讨了三种集合的区别与联系。  相似文献   

关于分部积分法的推广     

李桂仙 《玉溪师范学院学报》2000,(3)

本文把积分学中的分部积分法推广到一般形式 ,从而能解决一些较为复杂的积分问题  相似文献   

Extension Approach for an Effective Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Service in India     

M. Kumaran  D. Deboral Vimala  V.S. Chandrasekaran  M. Alagappan  S. Raja 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):247-267

Abstract

Purpose: Public-funded fisheries extension services have been blamed as poor and responsible for the slow pace of aquaculture development in India. The present investigation aimed to find concrete interventions to streamline the extension service by understanding the research-extension-farmer linkage indirectly in terms of information sources of aqua farmers and fishery extension officers and assessing the existing organizational, manpower and extension capabilities of Departments of Fisheries of sample states.

Design/methodology/approach: A random sample of 1008 brackishwater aqua farmers, a purposive random sample of 60 extension personnel and 45 researchers were interviewed to collect primary data for the study. A multidimensional Organizational Analysis Index was developed specifically for the study. The Wilcoxon paired rank test was employed to analyze and compare the perceptions of the fishery extension personnel.

Findings: The study revealed that 90% of aqua farmers depend on private extension sources for information; information-seeking by the extension personnel was less than 50%; and less than 50% of the researchers expressed having had consultations with the extension agencies. Results indicated that the respondents differ significantly over the existing and ideal organizational, manpower and extension attributes of the fisheries departments. An extension approach to evolve a National Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Service (NFAES) to strengthen fisheries departments with structural and functional realignments and partnership with farm leaders and fisheries professionals is suggested in order to streamline the fisheries and aquaculture extension service in India.

Practical implications: The findings of the study may enlighten the fisheries development planners and provide indications to initiate attempts to streamline the fisheries extension departments for an effective extension service in India.

Originality/value: The study was originally conducted by the authors. Nothing similar has been previously published or is currently under consideration for publication by another journal.  相似文献   

Farmers’ Attitudes and Skills of Farm Business Management in Jordan     

Ahmad Sh. Al-Rimawi  Emad K. Karablieh  Abdulfatah S. Al-Qadi  Hussein F. Al-Qudah 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):165-177

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate farmers’ attitudes and skills of farm management. Two scales were constructed as an instrument for data collection, based on a sample of 100 farm units. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .84 or higher, which indicated that the instrument scales were internally consistent. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. Operators appeared to be largely commercial, but they did not highly rate the significance of farming as a business, or their level of management skills. Two-thirds of respondents perceived technical skills as the key to success. Poor management skills limit the operators’ ability in making informed decisions, planning and analyzing the financial performance of their operations. Farm management extension enhances farmers’ willingness and ability to make successful changes to their management practice. Improvement programs have to be targeted to the groups of operators who are more favorable to management extension, that is, full-time farmers, renters, the more experienced, the educated and the more dependent on farm income.  相似文献   

The Impact of Farmer Field Schools on Human and Social Capital: A Case Study from Ghana     

Soniia David  Christopher Asamoah 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):239-252

Abstract

Based on a case study of Ghanaian cocoa farmers who attended farmer field schools (FFS), this paper explores the impact of the FFS methodology on farmers’ technical knowledge, experimentation, knowledge diffusion, group formation and social skills as a way of assessing whether the relatively high costs associated with the method is justified. We carried out focus group discussions for exploratory purposes and a formal survey of 70 FFS graduates and 70 non-FFS farmers. The superior knowledge test scores of FFS graduates relative to non-FFS farmers demonstrates the effectiveness of the method for communicating complex knowledge and information to farmers in a way that allows them to understand it and retain it. An assessment of changes in farmers’ experimental capacity showed variable results. On the one hand, a significant proportion of FFS graduates applied some of the principles and practices learned to solve productivity problems with other crops, while others did not perceive any change in their experimentation behaviour. Significantly, an important skill farmers learned in the FFS was making observations on cocoa trees and the wider ecosystem as the basis for decision-making. The case study confirmed that FFS strengthened social cohesion among cocoa farmers and enhanced individual social skills by creating new networks for knowledge exchange and support, promoting group formation and improving farmers’ confidence and ability to work more effectively in groups. The paper concludes by recommending areas for improving FFS and highlights how strengthening human and social capital in cocoa growing communities can serve as a springboard for broader development activities.  相似文献