Teachers’ dilemmatic decision-making: reconciling coexisting policies of increased student retention and performance     

Charlotte Jonasson  Åsa Mäkitalo  Klaus Nielsen 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(7):831-842

In recent years, many countries within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have formulated educational policies aimed at providing better education to more students. However, this may be perceived as constituting dilemmatic spaces, where teachers must make efforts to reconcile coexisting political demands in their everyday work. The purpose of this article is to provide insight into how teachers handle coexisting educational policies of increased student retention and performance. Empirical findings from a one-year field study at a Danish vocational school explore how teachers’ decision-making as response to coexisting demands of increased student retention and performance involves the development of various pedagogical approaches to the students: an active ‘caring’ approach, a passive ‘wait until this class is over’ approach, an active ‘vocational gate-keeping’ approach, and a passive ‘wait and see whether they drop out’ approach. Based on the findings, it is argued that the various pedagogical approaches are developed through social negotiations with leaders, students, and other teachers. Moreover, these pedagogical approaches lead to the development of further negotiated, dilemmatic decisions to be made. Thus, a dynamic approach to teachers’ dilemmatic decision-making is proposed.  相似文献   

IDMI analysis of regional low-carbon development based on system dynamic simulation     

贺媛媛  谭欣 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2013,19(5):338-344

During the decision-making process, especially in multi-disciplinary complex cases, assessment technique is needed to assist policy-makers in making the right decision. Many of such assessment techniques have been developed for policy-makers, but the inevitable subjectivity of policy-makers often becomes the main obstacle in making the right or proper policy. Interlink decision-making index （IDMI） is a newly proposed assessment method with the advantages of being simple to use and having less human interference over other methods, as it does not require a weighting process of each selection criterion. This paper implements IDMI to assist with decision-making in national or regional low-carbon development, using China as a case study. The Chinese government has annotmced its carbon emission reduction target along with other development targets by 2020. Many policy settings can be chosen in order to achieve those targets. The problem is how to determine the best setting and the means by which decision-makers can avoid subjectivity and extremes. A number of policy setting options are generated carefully by a system dynamic model under different policy scenarios. The IDMI demonstrates a perfect way to assist in selecting the ＂best＂ among all the options that can achieve the goals within the acceptable range.  相似文献   

客家籍与潮汕籍大学生消费决策风格比较研究     

侯秋霞  黄妍珊  张晓丽 《韩山师范学院学报》2013,(2):73-78

采用Sproles编制的消费者决策风格问卷(CSI)对550名客家籍和潮汕籍大学生的消费决策风格的差异进行探测。结果表明:客家籍与潮汕籍大学生在"新潮时尚"、"忠诚习惯"消费决策风格上存在差异;男女大学生在"品牌导向"、"休闲娱乐"、"新奇趣味"和"价格敏感"等消费决策风格上存在差异;农村和城镇大学生在"新潮时尚"和"重视质量"消费决策风格上存在差异;客家籍和潮汕籍与性别对大学生消费决策风格中"休闲娱乐"的交互作用明显;客家籍和潮汕籍与城乡来源对大学生消费决策风格中"口碑影响"的交互作用明显。  相似文献   

Modelling Quoting in Newswriting: A Framework for Studies on the Production of News     

Lauri Haapanen 《Journalism Practice》2020,14(3):374-394

ABSTRACT

The Mediated Social Communication (MSC) approach considers mass media a venue for opposing and complementary societal groups to publicly negotiate socially relevant topics. This negotiation is conducted through representatives of these groups and mediated by journalists. Inspired by the MSC approach, this paper presents an empirically grounded model that structures the mediating process through the process of quoting. By identifying the key phases of newswriting as sub-processes of quoting, the paper argues that journalists (1) decide on a topical issue to be addressed (topicalisation), (2) identify groups of people who are linked to this issue (societal localisation), (3) pick some people as representatives of these societal groups (personalisation), and (4) verbalise these people's points of view, often by means of quoting, inter alia (verbalisation). The four-phase model is then operationalised into a data collection method that facilitates access to and fosters new insights into the subtle dynamics of newswriting. Hitherto, these dynamics have often remained obscure, because the craft ethos is adopted as tacit knowledge through implicit socialisation and is therefore difficult for journalists to verbalise. The paper concludes by calling for reconsideration of journalists’ role as gatekeepers who decide which issues and voices are heard in public discourse.  相似文献   

Pupil participation in planning provision for special educational needs: teacher perspectives     

Rosalind Merrick 《Support for Learning》2020,35(1):101-118

There are legal, moral and practical reasons to involve pupils in planning provision for their special educational needs. We do not yet know how principles are implemented in practice. This study explored the views and experiences of 64 teachers with an interest in special educational needs through an online survey. Participants reported greater pupil involvement in everyday matters, less in conceptual aspects of planning. Effective strategies were based on good teacher-pupil relationships and school-wide systems for sharing pupil views. Participants gave examples of the impact of pupil participation on teacher insight, pupil motivation and material provision. 84 per cent indicated that they would like pupils to be more involved in decisions about their provision than they currently are. Barriers included the nature of children’s difficulties and practitioner attitudes. Listening to children is intrinsic to good teaching, yet pupils also benefit from a more formal role in provision planning.  相似文献   

Bayesian reasoning in avalanche terrain: a theoretical investigation     

Philip A. Ebert 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2019,19(1):84-95

In this article, I explore a Bayesian approach to avalanche decision-making. I motivate this perspective by highlighting a version of the base-rate fallacy and show that a similar pattern applies to decision-making in avalanche-terrain. I then draw out three theoretical lessons from adopting a Bayesian approach and discuss these lessons critically. Lastly, I highlight a number of challenges for avalanche educators when incorporating the Bayesian perspective in their curriculum.  相似文献   

Study Abroad Experience and Career Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study of Chinese Students     

WU Yihan 《Frontiers of Education in China》2020,15(2):313

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中国教育财政决策机制的路径分析     

Hongbin Zhao  Baicai Sun 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(3):404-414

In China’s current educational fiscal decision making, problems are as follows: no law to trust or not abiding by available laws, absence of equity and efficiency, as well as the standardization of decision-making procedures. It is necessary to set up effective fiscal decision-making mechanism in education and rationally devise reliable paths. Translated from Jiaoyu Lilun Yu Shijian 教育理论与实践 (Theory and Practice of Education), 2006, (4): 14–17  相似文献   

论抗战时期的傅斯年:以国民参政会为中心     

王凤青 《绵阳师范学院学报》2007,26(4):123-126

抗战爆发后,傅斯年参加了国民政府组织的国民参政会,并在其中热心活动。具体来讲,分为关注内政问题,积极提出议案;认真行使质询权,敢于仗义执言;为促成国共和谈,奔波于国共之间。傅斯年在国民参政会的言行表现了一个知识分子在民族危机面前对救国救民理想的不懈追求。  相似文献   

论集体决策中的“一把手无意图”     

上官大富 《湖南城市学院学报》2008,29(6)

让集体决策成为民主决策、科学决策,是党在新时期对领导班子在决策方面的基本要求.然而,在实际工作中,由于一些"一把手"将自己的意图巧妙贯穿研究讨论的过程中,许多决策看起来是"众决",实际是个人专断.因此.贯彻"一把手无意图"理念,实行"一把手"末位发言十分必要.这有利于纠正和克服走过场、"一言堂"现象,防止决策腐败;能让集体研究真正体现集体的意见和智慧,使集体决策真正成为民主决策,从而增强决策的科学性、正确性.  相似文献