A person-centered approach to achievement goal orientations in competitive tennis players: Associations with motivation and mental toughness     

Richard Gregory Cowden  Nicolas Mascret  Timothy Ryan Duckett 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(1):73

BackgroundResearch on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity. In this study, we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.MethodsA sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes (69.35% male) between 15 and 25 years of age (17.60 ± 2.40 years, mean ± SD) completed the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport, Sport Motivation Scale II, and Mental Toughness Index. Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations. Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.ResultsLatent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence (i.e., approach vs. avoidance). Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals (regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed) reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.ConclusionResults indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation. Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes, avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals.  相似文献   

The zone of proximal creativity: What dynamic assessment of divergent thinking reveals about students’ latent class membership     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2021

Divergent Thinking is a domain-general mental attribute closely associated with creativity that can be quantified through the use of text-mining algorithms. Past research has shown that students’ Divergent Thinking is malleable in response to relatively simple contextual prompts. In addition, there is substantial variance in the degree to which individual students’ Divergent Thinking is malleable, suggesting the presence of a student-specific zone-of-proximal-development in relation to creativity. Here, we adopted a dynamic assessment paradigm that included multiple conditions under which student Divergent Thinking was measured and fit a latent profile analysis model to that dynamic assessment data. We found that, although on average the Originality of student responses can be augmented through a prompt to generate surprising or unusual ideas, three latent classes emerged that differed significantly on their patterns of augmentation. These three latent classes were termed: (a) Conventional Thinkers (7.80% of the sample), whose response to the Divergent Thinking task were highly constrained and unoriginal across all conditions (b) Prompted Shifters (66.56%), whose Originality significantly increased across conditions, and (c) Idea Generators (25.64%), whose responses were highly original across all conditions. These latent profiles were validated in regard to personality characteristics and domain-specific creative activities, with Idea Generators reporting significantly more Openness and Intellect, less Industriousness, and more creative activities across the domains of Literature, Music, Sports, Visual Art, Science, and Cooking than did the other latent classes.  相似文献   

Profile and Motivations of Registered Whole-Body Donors in Turkey: Istanbul University Experience     

İlke Ali Gürses  Ahmet Ertaş  Başak Gürtekin  Osman Coşkun  Mehmet Üzel  Özcan Gayretli  Mehmet Selman Demirci 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(4):370-385

Little is known regarding the profiles of whole body donors in Muslim majority countries where donation is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to profile registered donors in Turkey by means of a survey. The explored data could be used to improve ongoing campaign efforts and ethical practices such as commemoration services. Registered donors of the donation programs at the two faculties of medicine of Istanbul University were compared with the national population and a cluster analysis was performed to reveal any concealed sub-groups. Data from 188 respondents were analyzed. The majority of registered donors were married (42%), male (65.4%), aged over 50 years (76%), held a tertiary education degree (49.7%), and were irreligious (58.5%). Cluster analysis revealed two groups with significantly different educational levels, marital statuses, and religious choices. Regarding whether their bodies could be used for education or research, the majority (64.5%) of the respondents left the decision to the anatomy department. Similarly, 73.8% approved indefinite use of their organs, body parts and/or skeletons. The respondents were also willing to share their medical history (94.2%) and personal information (81.6%) if needed. Motivational themes for body donation including usefulness, impermanence, religion, awareness, and kinship were devised after a thematic analysis. Among the respondents, 56.5% were registered organ donors and 63.3% were frequent blood donors. The results of this study provide data that may help revising informed consent forms, developing and implementing thanksgiving ceremonies, and selecting additional targets for supporting body donation campaign activities such as organ and blood donation units.  相似文献   

Optimised force-velocity training during pre-season enhances physical performance in professional rugby league players     

Adam Simpson  Mark Waldron  Emily Cushion  Jamie Tallent 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):91-100

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of 8-week force-velocity optimised training was assessed in highly trained professional rugby league athletes. Players (age 24 ± 3 years; body mass 94.9 ± 21.6 kg; height 181.3 ± 6.0 cm) were strength-matched and assigned to a force-velocity optimised group (OP; n = 15) or a general strength-power group (GP; n = 14). Tests included 10-m, 20-m sprints, 3 repetition-maximum squat and squat jumps over five load conditions to ascertain vertical force-velocity relationship. ANCOVA revealed there was a group effect for force-velocity deficit (P < 0.001), with the OP two-fold greater than the GP group (OP pre: 51.13 ± 31.42%, post: 62.26 ± 31.45%, GP pre: 33.00 ± 19.60%, post: 31.14 ± 31.45%, P < 0.001). There were further group effects for 3RM squat (OP pre: 151.17 ± 22.95 kg, post: 162.17 ± 24.16 kg, GP pre: 156.43 ± 25.07 kg, post: 163.39 ± 25.39 kg, P < 0.001), peak power (OP pre: 3195 ± 949 W, post: 3552 ± 1033 W, GP pre: 3468 ± 911 W, post: 3591 ± 936 W, P < 0.001), and SJ (OP pre: 39.79 ± 7.80 cm, post: 42.69 ± 7.83 cm, GP pre: 40.44 ± 6.23 cm, post: 41.14 ± 5.66 cm, P < 0.001). Prescribing F-V deficit training is superior for improving physical performance within highly trained RL players.  相似文献   

The predictive role of early childhood dysregulation profile on the parallel growth trajectories of reading and math performance across elementary and middle school     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2023

This study examined the heterogeneity in the co-developmental trajectories of reading and math performance (i.e., parallel changes in the initial scores and growth patterns) and identified the number, size and shape of the co-developmental trajectory across elementary and middle schools. In addition, this investigation focused on how an early childhood dysregulation profile (DP; indexed by a high co-occurrence of emotional, behavior, and attention problems) was associated with distinct co-developmental trajectories of reading and math performance. Specifically, we examined whether early childhood DP level can predict (a) membership assignment into each distinct co-development group and (b) variability in initial scores and changes in growth with each distinct co-development group. Participants were 784 academically at-risk students (47 % girls) predominantly from low socioeconomic status families who were recruited in first grade (Mean age = 6.57 years) and followed annually through the final year of middle school (ninth grade). Results revealed two distinct co-developmental trajectories of reading and math performance, including (a) a lower initial reading (higher increasing) and higher initial math (lower increasing) class (85.3 %) and (b) a lower initial math (higher increasing) and higher initial reading (lower increasing) class (14.7 %). Our results provided evidence for the compensatory pattern of co-developmental trajectories, indicating initial lower skills grow at a faster rate than the initial high. Further, early childhood DP was not associated with the membership assignment for these two distinct classes, which means that regardless of children’s early DP level, they have equal chances to be assigned to each of the classes. However, children with higher parent and teacher-reported DP in first grade demonstrated lower initial scores and a slower improvement rate in both classes after controlling for kindergarten literacy skills, gender, ethnicity, intelligence, socioeconomic status, and grade retention. Our study findings demonstrated (a) substantial heterogeneity in the co-developmental trajectories of reading and math performance across elementary and middle school ages; and (b) the importance of promoting self-regulation beginning in early childhood, especially for academically at-risk children in families facing economic challenges.  相似文献   

Expectancy-value profiles in math and science: A person-centered approach to cross-domain motivation with academic and STEM-related outcomes     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2021

The need to enhance the STEM workforce and, in turn, the STEM educational pipeline is a prevailing issue in the U.S. One critical component in this pipeline is students’ interest in STEM majors and their persistence in such majors, theorized to be a function of both students’ perceived value and expectancy beliefs in the subject matter. Using an expectancy-value lens, we examined cross-domain patterns of high school students’ expectancy beliefs and values in both mathematics and science using a person-centered or profile approach. With data from the High School Longitudinal Study, latent profile analysis revealed five profiles characterized as Low Math/Low Science (i.e., endorsing low levels of expectancy and value beliefs in math and science), Moderate Math/Moderate Science, High Math/High Science, Low Math/High Science, and High Math/Low Science. Taking into account aspects of students’ background and school context, we found that motivational profile membership predicted math and science high school achievement, college persistence, and both STEM major intentions and major choices. Moreover, there were a number of gender and racial/ethnic differences and contextual variation in profile memberships as well. Implications for theory and educational practice are discussed in relation to study findings.  相似文献   

我国幼儿园管理质量的现状、类别及其影响因素——基于潜在剖面分析的结果     

刘颖  虞永平 《学前教育研究》2021,(1)

幼儿园管理是影响幼儿园保教质量的重要因素。本研究采用分层抽样的方法,从我国5个省份选取了100所不同性质的城乡幼儿园,利用《走向优质——中国幼儿园教育质量评价标准》中的“管理引领”子标准对其管理质量进行研究。结果发现我国幼儿园管理质量整体处于中等偏下水平,其中“自评改进”项目得分最低。同时,潜在剖面分析的结果显示,我国幼儿园管理质量存在3种潜在类别,即“管理质量不适宜”型(10%)、“管理质量合格”型(72%)和“管理质量良好”型(18%)。进一步的线性回归和logistics回归分析结果表明,幼儿园的办园性质、所在地区和班级数量能够预测幼儿园的管理质量水平。与非城区幼儿园相比,城区幼儿园更不可能成为“管理质量不适宜”和“管理质量合格”型的幼儿园。与民办性质的幼儿园相比,公办性质的幼儿园成为“管理质量不适宜”型幼儿园的可能性更低。今后应加强对幼儿园管理质量的研究,持续改进幼儿园管理质量,重点关注和支持可能成为“管理质量不适宜”型的幼儿园。  相似文献   

面向情境兴趣的文本信息过滤系统   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宗胜  徐博艺 《情报科学》2007,25(7):1085-1088

随着对信息过滤技术研究的深入和展开，信息过滤系统的推荐质量不断得到提高。但长期以来文本信息过滤系统都是用来推荐符合用户长期兴趣的信息，而忽略了用户对短期突发信息的需求。针对这种情况，本文提出了面向个人情境兴趣的文本信息过滤系统。模拟实验显示，这种过滤系统可以更好的适用用户信息需求快速变化的情况。  相似文献   

锌对拔牙创面愈合的促进作用(附150例飞行人员阻生齿拔除术后观察)     

金德夫  张凤鸣  舒玉年 《科技通报》1997,(3)

通过１５０例飞行人员阻生齿拔除术后的分组对照观察，发现甘草锌和硫酸锌对拔牙的创面愈合有促进作用，两锌剂治疗组创面愈合优等率为９１％，而对照组为５２％，经Ｘ２检验锌剂治疗组和对照组存在着明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），表明补充锌剂对阻生齿拔除术后有明显减轻创伤反应、促进创面愈合的作用，因此，术后常规补充锌剂不仅适用于阻生齿术后修复，还可用于临床各类拔牙术和口腔小手术的术后修复治疗  相似文献   

励志式人物专访的需求分析及其社会意义探索     

钟美娟 《丽水学院学报》2011,33(4):41-43

励志性质的人物专访其市场需求主要体现在观众的成功意愿、外部环境信息的获取以及情感激励3个方面,好的电视节目在制作时必须依照这一思路进行精神建构,并按照和谐社会的指导思路进行故事叙述,从而达到积极的传播效果。  相似文献