Can social integration in schools be mandated: Evidence from the Right to Education Act in India     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2020

Although Affirmative Action policies have been enforced in many countries, their consequences are highly understudied, especially in the context of developing economies. Section 12(1)(c) of the Right to Education (RTE) Act enforced in 2009 is the first attempt to introduce affirmative action in primary schools in India. The act requires all private schools to reserve at least twenty five percent seats for children from economically weaker sections. To understand the effect of the act on i) social integration and ii) academic outcomes, we asked 1500 children (grades one to three) from four schools to answer friendship surveys and short tests in Mathematics and English. The schools in our sample vary considerably in constitution and were intentionally chosen to understand the impact of the act in different school settings. The friendship surveys show strong homophily i.e. non-RTE students cite other non-RTE students as friends, while RTE students chose to be friends primarily with other RTE students. Trends in test scores reveal that students admitted under the RTE quota score significantly lower than non-RTE students. However, RTE students who have a higher share of non-RTE friends have better test scores, suggesting that affirmative action may have a positive influence on learning outcomes for RTE children. Further we note that commitment from the school authorities and systematic monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the act will go a long way in bringing out some of the benefits that this act was designed to achieve. Our findings have important policy implications with respect to ensuring proper implementation of the Section12(1)(c) of the RTE act in schools across the country.  相似文献   

Associations of neighborhood disorganization and maternal spanking with children’s aggression: A fixed-effects regression analysis     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

This study employed fixed effects regression that controls for selection bias, omitted variables bias, and all time-invariant aspects of parent and child characteristics to examine the simultaneous associations between neighborhood disorganization, maternal spanking, and aggressive behavior in early childhood using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Analysis was based on 2,472 children and their mothers who participated in Wave 3 (2001–2003; child age 3) and Wave 4 (2003–2006; child age 5) of the FFCWS. Results indicated that higher rates of neighborhood crime and violence predicted higher levels of child aggression. Maternal spanking in the past year, whether frequent or infrequent, was also associated with increases in aggressive behavior. This study contributes statistically rigorous evidence that exposure to violence in the neighborhood as well as the family context are predictors of child aggression. We conclude with a discussion for the need for multilevel prevention and intervention approaches that target both community and parenting factors.  相似文献   

老年人太极拳锻炼行为及其对健康的影响     

王莉华  张樱 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2020,34(6):79-85

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等，选取江苏省具有代表性的城区(南京、苏州、徐州) 参与太极拳习练的老年群体为调查对象，对其人口学指标、习练行为、健康状况等进行研究，揭示老年人习练太极拳的行为特征及其对健康的影响，发挥太极拳在改善老年人健康、实现健康老龄化中的功能与价值。 ①在习练行为特征上，90.3%的老年人每周习练频次为3次及以上，82.4%的老年人每次习练时长在30min及以上；学习途径和习练方式都以“群体组织”形式为主；习练套路以24式为主；②在健康状况自评上，参与太极拳习练的老年人85.8%对健康状况满意，且练习太极拳对改善老年人健康状况具有“全面性”特征；③在影响习练太极拳老年人健康评价的因素上，教育程度、收入满意度和每次习练时长、习练方式，以及掌握习练要领的数量等因素显著影响参与太极拳习练的老年人对自身健康的评价，且与评价结果具有正相关性。  相似文献   

Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis     

Jeffrey R. Harring  Tessa L. Johnson 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(3):137-138

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.  相似文献   

Applying user analytics to uses and effects of social media in China     

Jonathan J. H. Zhu  Yixin Zhou  Lu Guan  Lei Hou  Anqi Shen  Heng Lu 《亚洲交流杂志》2019,29(3):291-306

ABSTRACT

We introduce what user analytics can do in the first half of the paper and then illustrate how to do user analytics in the second half. In the current context, user analytics refers to a set of diverse communication research methods on uses and effects of social media. User analytics has evolved from TV ratings research to online user research. The history illustrates what data sources, measures, and analyses can be used for what types of research questions under user analytics. We discuss the similarities of and differences between user analytics and other methods of computational communication research (e.g. content mining and online experiments), and compare the strengths and weaknesses of user analytics with traditional quantitative methods (e.g. survey). Finally, we present an application study of Chinese bloggers to demonstrate how to employ user analytics methods to study the production, consumption, and effects of user-generated content.  相似文献   

Do private schools improve public school quality or increase stratification?     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2020

Utilizing a 4-year longitudinal dataset (2007−08 to 2010−11) of 212 public secondary schools from two districts in Nepal, I conduct panel regression analyses to determine the association between public school high stakes examination outcomes and measures of private sector competition. I find that there does not seem to be a significant positive or negative association between public school outcomes and the extent of private competition in recent years. However, there is evidence to suggest that the gap between public and private school outcomes is higher in localities with higher private sector growth, providing suggestive evidence of stratification.  相似文献   

高职教育引企入校质量监控体系探究     

李宏葱 《番禺职业技术学院学报》2011,10(4):8-11

引企入校,开展工学结合教育工作是高职培养面向生产、建设、服务和管理第一线高技能人才的重要环节。目前高职教育在引企入校的过程中出现了各种问题,造成引企入校合作流于形式,合作质量不高。其原因在于,高职院校引企入校前,没有建立较完善的质量监控体系,而构建此体系才是解决问题的良方。  相似文献   

“实境耦合”人才培养模式成效研究——以青岛职业技术学院软件与服务外包学院为例     

马琳  李焰  王风茂 《青岛职业技术学院学报》2011,24(1):20-23

"实境耦合"人才培养模式是学院在创建国家示范性高等职业院校艰难探索实践中确立的。在此模式下,软件与服务外包学院运用"实境耦合"人才培养模式理论指导其改革实践,从课程设置到训教方法改革等与企业紧密耦合,把学生放在真实的职业环境中,校企合作共同完成了对学生知识、技能、态度的培养,取得了一定成效。  相似文献   

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stephen R. Porter 《Research in higher education》2006,47(5):521-558

A common finding in the literature is that institutional structures have little to no impact on student engagement and development. I argue that theory suggests peer ability (as measured by selectivity), institutional density, the differentiation of the curriculum, and the research orientation of the institution should all affect student engagement. Using the nationally representative Beginning Post-secondary Student survey, a non-linear selection on observables correction for selection bias, and a multilevel modeling approach, I find that institutional structures do affect student engagement in predictable and substantively significant ways.  相似文献   

入世对江门市纺织工业的影响及对策     

纪秋颖  林健 《五邑大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,4(4):1-4

纺织工业是江门市的支柱产业，在广东纺织业中占有重要地位。江门的纺织业有着自身的特点和不足，我国入世之后，江门纺织业将面临多方面的挑战，这需要江门市政府、纺织行业以及相关部门同心协力予以应对。  相似文献