Foreign direct investment in industrial research and development: A study of German MNCs     

Björn Ambos 《Research Policy》2005,34(4):395-410

This paper reports on the international research and development (R&D) investments of German multinational corporations (MNCs). Based on a detailed empirical survey of laboratory sites established by 49 German MNCs, we examine (i) the level and pace of R&D internationalization, (ii) the motivations and mandates of overseas R&D laboratories, as well as (iii) the strength of the laboratories’ internal and external ties. Participating firms account for about 46% of all German enterprises with international R&D activities and approximately 66% of the nation's privately funded R&D expenditures in 1999. The findings indicate that the timing and organization of German owned overseas R&D investments more closely resemble Japanese or French than US or Swedish firms. Furthermore, in line with prior studies, German MNCs increasingly invest in international R&D for resource as opposed to market-seeking motives. The paper also finds significant differences with regard to the laboratory's mission and its geographical location on one hand, and its internal and external embeddedness, on the other.  相似文献   

绿色技术创新功能源研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨发明  许庆瑞 《科研管理》1997,18(3):56-61

有利于生态环境的绿色技术创新在可持续发展战略中居有核心地位，而传统的单一制造商创新源观点已经大大束缚了创新管理的视野，十分不利于推动我国的绿色技术创新。故本文从创新功能源入手，在实证调研的基础上分别研究了我国各类绿色技术创新功能源的分布以及功能源分布差异的经济机理，并给出了对我国当前绿色技术创新管理与政策设计的启示。  相似文献   

事业单位薪酬差异的实证分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱余旺  崔勋 《中国软科学》2004,43(12):126-130

本研究通过抽样调查的方法,对事业单位的薪酬差异进行实证分析,回归模型的结果表明性别、学历、工龄、职务等因素对薪酬差异的影响非常显著,尤其是学历和职务因素。但是,事业单位内部员工间的薪酬差异不大,无法解释的因素所占的比重较大。这说明,事业单位的薪酬结构中仍存在不合理的因素,薪酬的激励因素相对不足。  相似文献   

行政单位预算执行中的几个建议     

周友  任增利 《河北能源职业技术学院学报》2008,8(2):55-56

虚报冒领、挤占挪用、随意调整预算是行政单位预算管理中应当引起注意的三大问题。在预算执行中要做到依法行政、依法理财、编制科学、内部控制。不能由财务部门独家包办,预算执行需要沟通和协调,预算监督要到位。  相似文献   

The effects of function-based communication intervention for a student with emotional disturbance in a general education setting     

Celal Perihan  Ali Bicer 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2021,21(2):63-72

Research has shown that most children with emotional disturbance (ED) are struggling to use communication skills and they may tend to use inappropriate behaviours as a form of communication to disclose their needs. A function-based communication intervention might be an effective approach to decrease inappropriate behaviours of children with ED. The purpose of this single-case multiple baseline reversal design (ABAB) study was to examine the effectiveness of the function-based communication intervention for on-task and disruptive behaviours of an 8-year-old student with ED. Functional behavioural assessment (FBA) was conducted and based on the findings of FBA, a colour-coded communication system, was implemented during reading and math classes. The findings indicated that function-based communication intervention was effective in increasing on-task as well as decreasing disruptive behaviours. Furthermore, the function-based communication intervention improved communication between the teacher and the student that resulted in decreasing disruptive behaviours in a general classroom setting. The generalisability of the findings due to the limited number of participants was an important limitation for this study. Future directions, as well as implications for practices, are discussed.  相似文献   

浅谈我省开放教育教学点建设与管理     

田忠 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2007,27(9):13-14

教学点建设与管理是开放教育项目的重要组成部分。如何做大我省开放教育工作,必须从教学点建设与管理入手。本文结合我省开放教育发展的特点,对此项工作进行了介绍、探讨并提出了相应的建议。  相似文献   

浅论图书馆知识组织的功能及形式     

乔玉清 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005,(1):145-146

本认为知识组织充分体现了图书馆的基本职能，知识组织是图书馆在知识经济时代生存和发展的需要，并对图书馆的知识组织形式进行了评价。  相似文献   

人性与自然的结合是设计的根本     

赵莹琳 《中国教育科研与探索》2005,(6):21-22

成功的设计都是人与自然融为一体的典范，他完全是自己所处时代的象征。设计师要有自己的思想，要适应时代的发展，要尊重自然，要以人为本。只有这样，设计才有其价值。  相似文献   

A taste of functional programming — 2     

Madhavan Mukund 《Resonance》2007,12(9):40-63

Functional programming has its roots in Alonzo Church’s lambda calculus. In the first part¹ of this article, we explored some basic notions of functional programming using the language Haskell. We now examine some more advanced concepts, including polymorphism, infinite data types and computations, and user-defined data types. Madhavan Mukund has been on the Computer Science faculty at Chennai Mathematical Institute since 1992, where he is currently Professor. His research interests are primarily in formal methods for specifying and verifying computing systems. He is the Secretary of the Indian Association for Research in Computing Science (IARCS) and the National Coordinator of the Indian Computing Olympiad.  相似文献   

Word-Decoding Deficits in Norwegian: The Impact of Psycholinguistic Marker Effects     

T. Nergård-Nilssen 《Reading and writing》2006,19(3):265-290

The effects of regularity, frequency, lexicality, and granularity on single word reading in Norwegian children with dyslexia and control children matched for age and reading level were examined. The reading impaired children showed the same pattern of performance as younger children matched for reading level on most tasks except for the fact that they worse at nonword reading. The findings are discussed against different theoretical models of reading.  相似文献