Directed collaboration patterns in funded teams: A perspective of knowledge flow     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103237

Collaborations in funded teams are essential for understanding funded research and funding policies, although of high interest, are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate directed collaboration patterns from the perspective of the knowledge flow, which is measured based on the academic age. To this end, we proposed a project-based team identification approach, which gives particular attention to funded teams. The method is applicable to other funding systems. Based on identified scientific teams, we detected recurring and significant subgraph patterns, known as network motifs, and under-represented patterns, known as anti-motifs. We found commonly occurred motifs and anti-motifs are remarkably characterized by different structures matching certain functions in knowledge exchanges. Collaboration patterns represented by motifs favor hierarchical structures, supporting intensive interactions across academic generations. Anti-motifs are more likely to show chain-like structures, hindering potentially various knowledge activities, and are thus seldom found in real collaboration networks. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of funded collaborations and also the funding system. Meanwhile, our findings are helpful for researchers, the public and policymakers to gain knowledge on research(ers) evolution, particularly in terms of primordial collaboration patterns.  相似文献   

Back to common sense: Oxford dictionary descriptive knowledge augmentation for aspect-based sentiment analysis     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(3):103260

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Applying artificial intelligence technique to predict knowledge hiding behavior     

《International Journal of Information Management》2019

Drawing on psychological ownership and social exchange theories, this study suggests theoretical arguments and empirical evidence for understanding employee reactions to distributive, procedural, and interactional (in)justice — three crucial bases of employees’ feelings of social self-worth. Utilizing field data and artificial intelligence technique, this paper reveals that distributive, procedural, and interactional (in)justice contribute to higher levels of knowledge hiding behavior among employees and that this impact is non-linear (asymmetric). By reuniting the discourses of organizational justice and knowledge management, this study indicates that feelings of psychological ownership of knowledge and the degree of social interaction are mechanisms that work with organizational (in)justice to influence knowledge hiding behavior. The current research may inform contemporary theories of business research and provide normative guidance for managers.  相似文献   

Cognitive-inspired domain adaptation of sentiment lexicons     

Frank Z. Xing  Filippo Pallucchini  Erik Cambria 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):554-564

Sentiment lexicons are essential tools for polarity classification and opinion mining. In contrast to machine learning methods that only leverage text features or raw text for sentiment analysis, methods that use sentiment lexicons embrace higher interpretability. Although a number of domain-specific sentiment lexicons are made available, it is impractical to build an ex ante lexicon that fully reflects the characteristics of the language usage in endless domains. In this article, we propose a novel approach to simultaneously train a vanilla sentiment classifier and adapt word polarities to the target domain. Specifically, we sequentially track the wrongly predicted sentences and use them as the supervision instead of addressing the gold standard as a whole to emulate the life-long cognitive process of lexicon learning. An exploration-exploitation mechanism is designed to trade off between searching for new sentiment words and updating the polarity score of one word. Experimental results on several popular datasets show that our approach significantly improves the sentiment classification performance for a variety of domains by means of improving the quality of sentiment lexicons. Case-studies also illustrate how polarity scores of the same words are discovered for different domains.  相似文献   

Contemporary school knowledge democracy: possible meanings,promising perspectives and necessary prerequisites     

Eleni Katsarou  Konstantinos Sipitanos 《Educational Action Research》2019,27(1):108-124

ABSTRACT

The basic aim of this paper is to discuss the concept ‘Knowledge Democracy’ (KD) and what it can mean in the school context, its implications on knowledge production and dissemination and on the educational practices. We try to enrich this discussion by presenting action research projects to provide case studies of how thinking about KD can reshape educational practice. We consider that the discussion on KD has to be enriched as the concept seems very promising with good prospects towards school’s democratization. On the other hand, as it is quite new, it can encompass internal contradictions that can cause problems at the level of practice. So, we consider very important any contribution to this discussion not as another theoretical sample of the debate on the ‘politics of knowledge’, but because any improvement at the thinking of the issue can be reflected on school practices. Any challenge to traditional politics of knowledge can lead to a deeper understanding of the world of schooling and to transformations through new discourses and new approaches to teaching and learning in school.  相似文献   

图书情报学领域学科交叉及其国家差异的动态分析     

王思茗  滕广青 《图书情报知识》2020,(3):109-118,F0003

[目的/意义]领域知识的跨学科交叉研究能够打破学科间的壁垒,有助于发现重大科学问题的解决方案。[研究设计/方法]基于图书情报学领域文献题录信息构建轻量级领域知识图谱,从中提取学科信息、国家信息、时间信息及其关联,采用时间与空间相结合的多维度分析方法,对学科交叉的演化进程以及国家差异进行跟踪与分析。[结论/发现]图书情报学领域内学科交叉现象日渐显著,各国家的学科交叉程度与倾向存在差异,一些目前尚不突出的交叉学科方向值得关注。[创新/价值]采用多维度视角分析学科交叉现象,相关结论可以为国家科技战略制定及学科发展规划提供有益参考。  相似文献   

人文社科专著众筹OA出版发展现状和思考——以Open Book Publishers和Knowledge Unlatched为例     

徐志玮 《图书情报工作》2021,64(22):77-84

[目的/意义] 梳理人文社科专著众筹OA出版的发展现状，分析具有公益性特点的OA出版物和具有商业性特点的众筹出版所引起的冲突，以期对学术专著众筹出版提出有价值的思考。[方法/过程] 从发起者、投资者和众筹平台3个基本要素梳理Open Book Publishers和Knowledge Unlatched的众筹模式，比较异同点，探讨两者在竞争中引起的问题。[结果/结论] 目前，欧美国家的学术专著众筹出版分为高校、众筹商和OA出版社3种模式。Knowledge Unlatched是期望通过对图书馆的优质服务获得收益的众筹商，Open Book Publishers是借助网络开展众筹出版的OA出版社，两者属于商业化大型公司和非营利性OA出版社的竞争关系，在OA出版物的商业化开发、财务公开透明、垄断性的销售模式和审核制度方面值得高度关注。  相似文献   

Boosting question answering over knowledge graph with reward integration and policy evaluation under weak supervision     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103242

Among existing knowledge graph based question answering (KGQA) methods, relation supervision methods require labeled intermediate relations for stepwise reasoning. To avoid this enormous cost of labeling on large-scale knowledge graphs, weak supervision methods, which use only the answer entity to evaluate rewards as supervision, have been introduced. However, lacking intermediate supervision raises the issue of sparse rewards, which may result in two types of incorrect reasoning path: (1) incorrectly reasoned relations, even when the final answer entity may be correct; (2) correctly reasoned relations in a wrong order, which leads to an incorrect answer entity. To address these issues, this paper considers the multi-hop KGQA task as a Markov decision process, and proposes a model based on Reward Integration and Policy Evaluation (RIPE). In this model, an integrated reward function is designed to evaluate the reasoning process by leveraging both terminal and instant rewards. The intermediate supervision for each single reasoning hop is constructed with regard to both the fitness of the taken action and the evaluation of the unreasoned information remained in the updated question embeddings. In addition, to lead the agent to the answer entity along the correct reasoning path, an evaluation network is designed to evaluate the taken action in each hop. Extensive ablation studies and comparative experiments are conducted on four KGQA benchmark datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in terms of answering accuracy.  相似文献   

知识优势对企业竞争力的作用机理研究     

许照成  侯经川 《科技管理研究》2020,40(21):134-142

知识优势对企业竞争力的重要作用一直备受关注,但知识优势对企业竞争力的转化机理问题却很少有研究。在回顾国内外相关研究基础上,构建了知识优势对企业竞争力的作用机理模型,并选取华为企业进行案例分析。研究表明：(1)企业持续竞争优势的获取实际上就是企业打造知识优势的过程,知识优势对企业竞争力提升具有至关重要作用；(2)知识优势对企业竞争力的转化过程分别经历了“内部知晓-内部响应-外部知晓-外部响应”知识链环节,对应于“知识获取与吸收-知识内化”、“知识应用与创新-知识生产”、“知识积累与积淀-知识外化”三个部分。本研究揭示了企业竞争力形成的内在转化机理,为企业管理者培育和提升企业竞争力提供理论指导和决策参考。  相似文献   

比较CIO与CKO   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

武春福 《情报科学》2003,21(9):912-914

本文论述了企业中CIO和CKO的区别与联系以及在企业中CIO和CKO到底分别处于一个什么位置。  相似文献