Associations between individual and collective efficacy beliefs and students' bystander behavior     

Björn Sjögren  Robert Thornberg  Linda Wänström  Gianluca Gini 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(11):1710-1723

This study examined whether defending and passive bystanding during peer victimization episodes were associated with individual- and classroom-level efficacy to stop peer victimization. Self-report survey data were analyzed from 1,467 Swedish fourth-grade students (mean age = 10.55) from 100 classrooms in 63 schools. Multilevel analyses revealed that, when witnessing peer victimization, students more often defended victims if they were high in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms high in collective efficacy. In contrast, students were more likely to remain passive if they were low in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms low in collective efficacy. Taken together, our findings suggest that efficacy beliefs both at the individual and at the classroom level contribute to explaining variability in students' bystander behaviors, which has potential implications for prevention and intervention work.  相似文献   

集体行动的困境:理论阐释与实证分析--非合作博弈下的公共管理危机及其克服   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

陈潭 《中国软科学》2003,(9):139-144

集体行动的困境是一种客观存在的社会现象。西方学者根据生活世界的反映。建构了集体行动困境的理论模型，并作出了若干理论阐释。这种非合作博弈下的集体行动逻辑反映在公共事务管理现实中可能会出现公共产品供给短缺、公共资源利用无度、公共秩序混沌无序、公共组织效率缺失、公共政策执行失范等诸多问题。为此，明晰产权、明确责任、沟通协调、自主治理、理性激励、合理监督等制度安排是解决公共管理危机或集体行动困境的可能．路径。  相似文献   

我国农业合作化运动中高级社实践的偏差     

宋徽瑾  吴涛 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2005,24(1):100-103

195 5年下半年发展高级社成了农业合作化运动的中心 ,195 6年底实现高级社化。高级社实践中出现了偏差 ,原因在于当时将合作制等同于集体制 ,在实践中背离了不参与政治和宗教活动、合作自愿原则 ,民主管理流于形式 ,合作经济理论不完善  相似文献   

Ahead of the pack? Explaining the unequal distribution of scholarships in Germany     

Christina Haas  Herman Van De Werfhorst 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(5):705-720

This article investigates to what extent scholarships are unequally distributed among students in Germany and how these inequalities can be explained. Following sociological theory, the article argues that elites seek qualitative ways of distinguishing themselves in a mass higher education system. Using student surveys, we demonstrate that class effects cannot merely be explained with reference to class differences in academic achievement but that higher classes have better access to scholarships independent of earlier school performance. Class differences were particularly persistent when the intermediate classes were compared with higher classes with more education. These findings illustrate that social classes have different strategies when it comes to participating in higher education and suggest that information about and access to scholarships is important in gaining a class advantage.  相似文献   

家庭教育支出的阶层差异及其社会意义     

曾晓东 《教育学报》2008,4(6):80-86

教育作为社会事业的组成部分,社会分层现象必然对它产生深远影响。通过对家庭教育支出进行分类别分析,得出三个关键性的结论。首先,学校收取的两类教育费用的阶层差异相对较小,分布均匀,收费治理已经取得明显收效;其次,家庭教育支出的阶层差异主要反映在选择性教育支出项目上,择校和课外辅导支出反映出明显的阶层偏好;第三,交付学校用于购买必要学习用品和住宿的费用在各类家庭中的差别不大,但是,对低收入家庭是较沉重的负担。在数据分析的基础上,还就家庭教育支出的政策意义和社会意义进行了研究,指出改进教育预算制度、对学习用品和住宿进行补贴是提高财政投入效率的有效措施。  相似文献   

数码钢琴集体课教学中的因材施教   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李暑红 《淮南职业技术学院学报》2007,7(2):43-44

数码钢琴集体课教学是我国高师正在推广和采用的新的教学模式;学生由于个人生活环境和内在音乐素质的不同,存在着很多差异在数码钢琴集体课教学中落实“因材施教”的比较有效的方法是:按学生钢琴程度进行分班;集体课与个别课相结合;提供补救措施;加大重奏合奏的比重。  相似文献   

私人经历与集体记忆:知青一代人的文化震惊和历史反讽     

梁丽芳 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,19(4):20-26

文章的目的是看散文这个风格上侧重自由、随意、和真实的文学形式,怎样被数以千计的前知青运用来叙写他们上山下乡的经历,并探讨知青记忆叙写中,文化震惊的记忆与重构,从而审视知青文化震惊的现象及其历史反讽意义。  相似文献   

集体无意识下的悲剧人生 --谈萧红的《呼兰河传》     

程金芝 《德州学院学报》2006,22(3):12-14,83

萧红在《呼兰河传》中通过描述集体无意识笼罩下呼兰河人的悲剧人生,深刻揭露出集体无意识这张无形大网就存在于呼兰河人陈腐的日常生活、落后的民俗传承、愚昧的习惯势力当中,集体无意识已成为一个民族沉重的历史精神枷锁,吞噬着人们的生命,阻碍着社会的进步。作品寄寓了她对这种集体无意识的讽刺与批判。  相似文献   

Investigating Critical Friendship: Peeling Back the Layers     

Elizabeth Petroelje Stolle  Charlotte Frambaugh-Kritzer  Anne Freese  Anders Persson 《Studying Teacher Education》2019,15(1):19-30

ABSTRACT

This self-study documents two teacher educators’ professional inquiry into the notions of critical friendship. Specifically, we asked: How does our interactive inquiry on the topic of critical friendship lead us to new understandings of critical friends? Three theoretical perspectives framed this study – More Knowledgeable Others, Thought Collective, and reflection. Data sources included (a) artifacts from the self-study scholarship/literature, (b) written and real-time (audio recorded) dialogue, and (c) critical friend response memos. We systematically analyzed our data, linking the initial themes to our theoretical frame. These themes led to three findings about critical friendship: flexible definitions, complex characteristics, and multiple learning phases. Based on these findings, we created two research tools useful for researchers enacting critical friendship – the Critical Friend Definition Continuum and the Critical Friend Guide for Quality Assurance. Ultimately, we assert that we, along with our colleagues, must be responsible brokers of critical friendship by explicitly explaining our purposes, definitions and uses of critical friendship within our work as self-study researchers.  相似文献   

班主任管理工作存在的问题与对策研究     

陈玲玲 《成才之路》2021,(11):20-21

在当前新形势下,初中阶段学生的身心发展呈现出新的特点,班主任需要与时俱进,不断创新班级管理工作的方法。要想提高班级管理工作的质量和效率,班主任就要做到以下几点:善于发现学生的闪光点,真诚关爱每个学生,加强与学生的沟通交流,注重培养学生的集体荣誉感。  相似文献