The neural correlates of working memory training in typically developing children     

Jonathan S. Jones  Anna-Lynne R. Adlam  Abdelmalek Benattayallah  Fraser N. Milton 《Child development》2022,93(3):815-830

Working memory training improves children's cognitive performance on untrained tasks; however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This was investigated in 32 typically developing children aged 10–14 years (19 girls and 13 boys) using a randomized controlled design and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (Devon, UK; 2015–2016). Training improved working memory performance and increased intrinsic functional connectivity between the bilateral intraparietal sulci. Furthermore, improvements in working memory were associated with greater recruitment of the left middle frontal gyrus on a complex span task. Repeated engagement of fronto-parietal regions during training may increase their activity and functional connectivity over time, affording greater working memory performance. The plausibility of generalizable cognitive benefits from a neurobiological perspective and implications for neurodevelopmental theory are discussed.  相似文献   

Carnosine in health and disease     

Guilherme Giannini Artioli  Craig Sale  Rebecca Louise Jones 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):30-39

Abstract

Carnosine was originally discovered in skeletal muscle, where it exists in larger amounts than in other tissues. The majority of research into the physiological roles of carnosine have been conducted on skeletal muscle. Given this and the potential for muscle carnosine content to be increased with supplementation, there is now a large body of research examining the ergogenic effects (or otherwise) of carnosine. More recent research, however, points towards a potential for carnosine to exert a wider range of physiological effects in other tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, kidney and cancer cells. Taken together, this is suggestive of a potential for carnosine to have therapeutic benefits in health and disease, although this is by no means without complication. Herein, we will provide a review of the current literature relating to the potential therapeutic effects of carnosine in health and disease.  相似文献   

A Call for International Public Opinion Research     

Dinerman  Helen 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2001,13(1):5-9

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Book reviews     

Ronald J. Zboray  Anita A. Jones  Shirley Kessel  Clarkson N. Potter  Megan Benton  William A. Wortman  Barbara Kiefer  Richard C. Rowson 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1992,8(4):86-106

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Deciding for or Against Participation in Higher Education: The Views of Young People from Lower Social Class Backgrounds     

Helen Connor 《Higher Education Quarterly》2001,55(2):204-224

The main concern of this paper is the decision making of young people from lower social class backgrounds about whether or not to participate in higher education. In the light of recent reforms of student funding and renewed efforts to widen participation in British higher education, an examination is made of the factors influencing the choices made by young people close to the time of making application for entry. Drawing on the findings of a research study undertaken in 2000 and conducted with recent and prospective undergraduate entrants, a contemporary perspective is offered on the issues facing different groups of young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. By way of conclusion, consideration is given to the need for improved information sources to guide young people in their decisions.  相似文献   

“Gorilla Trails in Paradise”: Carl Akeley,Mary Bradley,and the American Search for the Missing Link     

Jeannette Eileen Jones 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2006,29(3):321-336

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Editors' Foreword     

Kathy Merlock Jackson  William M. Jones 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2004,27(2):129-129

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Environmentally-induced stone decay: the cumulative effects of crystallization–hydration cycles on a Lincolnshire oopelsparite limestone     

Belinda J. Colston  David S. Watt  Helen L. Munro   《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2001,2(4)

An investigation has been undertaken at St Andrew’s church, Walpole St Andrew, Norfolk, to establish the underlying causes of the observed stone decay to the upper parts of the six stone piers. The stone decay was first recorded in the early 1930s. The salt-contaminated masonry within the church has been shown to undergo severe salt decay during the summer, with little damage occurring over the winter months. The south aisle piers have been shown to decay 2.5 times faster than the north aisle piers. Although crystallization–hydration cycles have been identified, the rate of decay is at its greatest when the cycling is relatively infrequent. This was not the expected trend. Furthermore, it has been shown that during extended periods where the ambient relative humidity is less than 75%, the rate of decay reaches a maximum. It is the length of this ‘drying’ period that apparently has the greatest influence on the rate of decay and could explain the significant difference in the rate of decay between the south and north aisle piers. The results have serious implications for passive conservation, where it is often recommended to lower the ambient relative humidity to well below the equilibrium relative humidity of the salt contaminant, to avoid crystallization–hydration cycles. Since, at the time of building, the church was situated on the coast, it is possible that the sodium chloride contamination occurred during the building process (1440–1520), particularly since the area was prone to sea-flooding at this time. Alternatively, the salt could have been applied as a treatment during the general restoration of 1897. Whatever the source of the salt, it seems likely that the ambient environment was changed by the insertion of a sealed floor in 1897, which could account for the onset of the salt decay.  相似文献   

Journal rekindles row over Silver Spring monkeys     

Gavaghan H 《New scientist (1971)》1991,131(1776):15

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Questioning the pace and pathway of e-government development in Africa: A case study of South Africa's Cape Gateway project     

Blessing Mukabeta Maumbe  Vesper Owei  Helen Alexander 《Government Information Quarterly》2008

The paper examines e-government development in Africa. This study is based on the Cape Gateway project in South Africa, a leading e-government initiative on the continent. We observe that African countries have jumped on the e-government band wagon by looking mostly at the benefits without a clear risk assessment. We argue that African countries should question the pace and pathway for their e-government programs. We caution that e-government models from developed countries do not necessarily work in Africa. E-government programs in Africa should be balanced with the provision of basic needs and infrastructure. We conclude that e-government in South Africa should adopt multi-cultural approaches, and must be underpinned by national development priorities. We recommend that the Cape Gateway must address the socio-economic context and needs of the country. The pace and pathway of its e-government must depend on the availability of both financial and human resources and also user satisfaction.  相似文献