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Shinichi Demura Shunsuke Yamaji Fumio Goshi Hidetsugu Kobayashi Susumu Sato Yoshinori Nagasawa 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(2):153-164
The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of three methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis (based on induction between the hand and foot, between one foot and the other foot and between one hand and the other hand) and the skinfold method, and to construct prediction equations for total body density by examining cross-validity in young Japanese adult males. The participants were 50 Japanese males aged 18-27 years (height 1.72 +/- 0.06 m, body mass 64.9 +/- 9.0 kg; mean +/- s), each of whom was measured twice using each of the four methods. Relative body fat based on underwater weighing was used as the criterion for validity. To construct prediction equations for body density, we used multiple regression analysis, whereby all possible combinations were examined. The reliability of all three bioelectrical impedance methods was high (R = 0.999). Three new prediction equations were constructed for the hand-foot method, foot-foot method and skinfold method. The cross-validity of the equations was guaranteed. The relative body fat calculated using the new equations did not differ from that based on the underwater weighing method. 相似文献
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The article presents a productivity analysis of Japanese wheat breeding research. We first estimate a hedonic function to determine the marginal implicit values of Japanese wheat characteristics and find that protein contributes substantially to millers’ price offers to farmers. Induced innovation theory implies breeders thus should be responding to new protein-oriented price policies by developing high-protein wheat varieties. We test this hypothesis by estimating a distance function relating breeding resources – including what we call gene-recharge rates – to the yield and protein characteristics of discovered varieties. New varieties indeed have been protein-favoring and yield-disfavoring, suggesting government research programs have been market-oriented. 相似文献
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Asha K. Jitendra Jon R. Star Michael Rodriguez Mary Lindell Fumio Someki 《Learning and Instruction》2011,21(6):731-745
This study investigated the effectiveness of an instructional program (schema-based instruction, SBI) designed to teach 7th graders how to comprehend and solve proportion problems involving ratios/rates, scale drawings, and percents. The SBI program emphasized the underlying mathematical structure of problems via schematic diagrams, focused on a 4-step procedure to support and monitor problem solving, and addressed the flexible use of alternative solution strategies based on the problem situation. Blocking by teacher at three middle schools, the authors randomly assigned the 21 classrooms to one of two conditions: SBI and control. Classroom teachers provided the instruction. Results of multilevel modeling used to test for treatment effects after accounting for pretests and other characteristics (gender, ethnicity) revealed the direct effects of SBI on mathematical problem solving at posttest. However, the improved problem solving skills were not maintained a month later when SBI was no longer in effect nor did the skills transfer to solving problems in new domain-level content. 相似文献
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Measuring student response to interventions has become an important role for school psychologists. Children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are frequently treated with stimulant medication, but the response to the treatment is rarely adequately assessed. The current study examined the sensitivity of measures used to assess the outcomes of stimulant medication for children identified with ADHD using meta‐analytic procedures. A total of 812 articles were reviewed with 35 being selected for the study based on a common treatment protocol of .3 to .5 mg/kg with a 2‐ to 8‐week pre‐ and post‐test interval. Measures were categorized as behavioral, psychological, or physiological. A total of 81 effect sizes were computed with a total unbiased estimate of effect of .53 and unbiased estimates of effect of .11 for physiological measures, .38 for psychological measures, and .56 for behavioral measures. Tests of homogeneity found nonsignificant results within each of the three categories. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Inthe 196 0′stheUSAirForcedidextensivere searchesontheno handscontrolforpilotsusingbrainwaves.Theseresearcheswerenotworkedoutbecausethehumanbrainelectricalactivitywasundetectablysmall[1] .Forinstance ,Yogaadeptsandotherdisciplinedmedita torscangofromanalertstatetothemeditative“Alpha”statethroughchangingelectroencephalogram(EEG)fromthemostlyirregularandhigherfrequencyfluctuationstothelargelystablewaveoutputaround 10Hz,butittakeseventhebestpractitionersseveralsecondstoperform .Al thoughso… 相似文献
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We have investigated two large Japanese firms with their patent data, technological histories and product sales data of over 30 years especially in terms of intra-firm technology diversification and interactions between multiple technological trajectories. Patent data showed the process of emergencies of technological trajectories and interactions (cross-fertilization) between them quantitatively. Both persistence and diversity of technology have contributed to product diversification and sales growth. Based on our findings we have demonstrated that taking advantage of economies of scope in technology through persistence and diversification is necessary for a technology-based firm if it is to survive and to grow for a prolonged period of time. 相似文献
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