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Cantlon JF Davis SW Libertus ME Kahane J Brannon EM Pelphrey KA 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(6):672-680
In an effort to understand the role of interhemispheric transfer in numerical development, we investigated the relationship between children's developing knowledge of numbers and the integrity of their white matter connections between the cerebral hemispheres (the corpus callosum). We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography analyses to test the link between the development of the corpus callosum and performance on symbolic and non-symbolic numerical judgment tasks. We were especially interested in the interhemispheric connections of parietal cortex in 6-year-old children, because regions of parietal cortex have been implicated in the development of numerical skills by several prior studies. Our results revealed significant structural differences between children and adults in the fibers of the corpus callosum connecting the left and right parietal lobes. Importantly, these structural differences were predictive of individual differences among children in performance on numerical judgment tasks: children with poor numerical performance relative to their peers exhibited reduced white matter coherence in the fibers passing through the isthmus of the corpus callosum, which connects the parietal hemispheres. 相似文献
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Rebecca R. Saxe Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli Jonathan Scholz Kevin A. Pelphrey 《Child development》2009,80(4):1197-1209
Neuroimaging studies with adults have identified cortical regions recruited when people think about other people's thoughts (theory of mind): temporo-parietal junction, posterior cingulate, and medial prefrontal cortex. These same regions were recruited in 13 children aged 6–11 years when they listened to sections of a story describing a character's thoughts compared to sections of the same story that described the physical context. A distinct region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus was implicated in the perception of biological motion. Change in response selectivity with age was observed in just one region. The right temporo–parietal junction was recruited equally for mental and physical facts about people in younger children, but only for mental facts in older children. 相似文献
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The aims of this study were to examine and compare selected physiological and metabolic responses of wheelchair athletes in two paraplegic racing classes [T3: n?=?8 (lesion levels T1–T7; paraplegics); T4: n?=?9 (lesion levels below T7; paraplegics)] to prolonged exercise. In addition, we describe the responses of three tetraplegic athletes [T2: n?=?3 (lesion levels C6/C7: tetraplegics)]. Twenty athletes completed 90?min of exercise at 75% [Vdot]O2peak on a motorized treadmill adapted for wheelchairs. The mean (±s) heart rates of the T3 and T4 racing classes were 165±2 and 172±6 beats?·?min?1, respectively. For the T4 racing class, heart rate gradually increased during the test (P?<0.05), whereas for the T3 racing class, heart rate reached a plateau after an initial increase. The mean heart rate of the tetraplegics was 114±3 beats?·?min?1. The T3 and T4 classes exhibited similar respiratory exchange ratios, plasma lactate and glucose concentrations throughout the test. For both the T3 and T4 racing class, free fatty acid, glycerol, ammonia, urea and potassium concentrations had increased from resting values by the end of the test (P?<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that endurance-trained wheelchair athletes are able to maintain velocities equivalent to the same relative exercise intensity (75% [Vdot]O2peak) for prolonged periods irrespective of lesion level. 相似文献
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全面预算管理是以企业战略规划为依据,以量化的、综合的、涵盖企业经营全过程的全面预算为基础,以全员、全过程、全方位控制为特征的企业内部管理控制系统。从我国会展行业的实际现状出发,从理论和实践两方面对全面预算管理的应用进行探讨,运用全面预算管理的基本理论,深入分析会展行业特点及在实施过程中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出改进措施,以此抓住会展企业预算管理工作的关键环节,探索建立起一套适合其自身发展的预算管理体系。 相似文献
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