Electromyographic analysis of thigh muscles during track cycling on a velodrome     

Kohei Watanabe  Takayuki Sato  Takahiro Mukaimoto  Wataru Takashima  Michio Yamagishi  Tetsunari Nishiyama 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(15):1413-1422

We aimed to investigate neuromuscular activation of thigh muscles during track cycling at various speeds. Eight male competitive cyclists volunteered to participate in this study. Surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and adductor magnus muscles of the bilateral legs was recorded during track cycling on velodromes with a 250-m track. The participants were instructed to maintain three different lap times: 20, 18 and 16 s. The average rectified value (ARV) was calculated from the sampled surface electromyography. Significantly higher ARVs were observed in the right compared to left leg for the biceps femoris muscle during both straight and curved sections at 18- and 16-s lap times (P < 0.05). In the biceps femoris muscle, significant changes in ARVs during the recovery phase with an increase in speed were seen in the right leg only (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in ARVs between the straight and curved sections for all three muscles (P > 0.05). From our findings, it was suggested that during track cycling on a velodrome the laterality of the biceps femoris muscle activity is a key strategy to regulate the speed, and fixed neuromuscular strategies are adopted between straight and curved sections for thigh muscles.  相似文献   

Personalized learning in iSTART: Past modifications and future design     

Kathryn S. McCarthy  Micah Watanabe  Jianmin Dai  Danielle S. McNamara 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2020,52(3):301-321

Abstract

Computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) provide unprecedented opportunities for personalized learning at scale. One such system, iSTART (Interactive Strategy Training for Active Reading and Thinking) is an adaptive, game-based tutoring system for reading comprehension. This paper describes how efforts to increase personalized learning have improved the system. It also provides results of a recent implementation of an adaptive logic that increases or decreases text difficulty based on students’ performance rather than presenting texts randomly. High school students who received adaptive text selection showed increased sense of learning. Adaptive text selection also resulted in greater pre-training to post-training comprehension test gains, especially for less-skilled readers. The findings demonstrate that system-driven, just-in-time support consistent with the goals of personalized learning benefit the efficacy of computer-based learning environments.  相似文献   

How Custom Agents Really Detect Lies     

Timothy R. Levine  Yasuhiro Daiku 《Communication Research Reports》2019,36(1):84-92

Research has found discrepancies among folk beliefs about lie detection, deception cue utility, and retrospective accounts of detected lies. Elite customs agents (N = 37) were surveyed regarding their overall beliefs about how to detect lies (general strategy), their opinions about best practices (best strategy), and about a successfully detected lie (actual strategy). Responses were coded in three nonexclusive broad categories: (a) behavioral cues, (b) communication content and evidence, and (c) interactive-questioning approaches. Behavioral cues, especially nonverbal cues, were listed most frequently as general beliefs. Opinions about the best approach were evenly split across the three categories. Communication content and evidence was the most frequently reported actual detection method and was mentioned in 97% of the responses. The results are discussed in relation to Truth-Default Theory and their implications for lie detection practice.  相似文献   

日本琵琶湖的保护管理模式及对江苏省湖泊保护管理的启示   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张兴奇  秋吉康弘  黄贤金 《资源科学》2006,28(6):39-45

日本的琵琶湖在经历了日本高度经济增长期片面的水资源开发利用阶段后，已转向了开发利用与保护相结合的阶段，其长远目标是通过琵琶湖的长期性战略规划的实施，使琵琶湖的水质恢复到日本高度经济增长期以前的水平、琵琶湖的生态得到修复。本文在论述日本琵琶湖的特殊性与重要性、琵琶湖面临的问题的基础上，介绍了琵琶湖保护管理的组织结构、管理体系；分析了琵琶湖以流域为单元、政府主导与全民参与的湖泊保护管理模式。在借鉴琵琶湖保护管理经验的基础上，提出了江苏省湖泊的保护管理模式及相应的建议。  相似文献   

How Japan makes use of international educational survey research     

Ryo Watanabe 《Prospects》1992,22(4):455-462

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Towards another kind of borderlessness: online students with disabilities     

Yasuhiro Kotera  Vicky Cockerill  Pauline Green  Lucy Hutchinson  Paula Shaw  Nicholas Bowskill 《Distance Education》2019,40(2):170-186

Online learning is crucial to success for higher education institutions. Whilst the existing literature predominantly focused on its economic advantages, we focused on its inclusivity. At an online learning unit of a UK university, the number of students with disabilities (SWD) is three times higher than the national average. Having a degree makes significant financial and psychological differences in the lives of SWD. Though recent literature focused on inclusivity of online learning, an appraisal of first-hand experience of SWD studying online is a missing perspective. Accordingly, we aimed to explore their experience, using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews involving ten SWD. Three themes emerged: (1) having control over studies as an advantage of online learning, (2) personal touch helps SWD’s online learning, and (3) challenges SWD experience with the social element of online learning. Our findings will help to develop the inclusivity of online learning to a new level.  相似文献   

Roles of attention in perceptual learning from perspectives of psychophysics and animal learning     

Yoshiaki Tsushima  Takeo Watanabe 《Learning & behavior》2009,37(2):126-132

The role of attention in perceptual learning has been a topic of controversy. Sensory psychophysicists/physiologists and animal learning psychologists have conducted numerous studies to examine this role; but because these two types of researchers use two very different lines of approach, their findings have never been effectively integrated. In the present article, we review studies from both lines and use exposure-based learning experiments to discuss the role of attention in perceptual learning. In addition, we propose a model in which exposure-based learning occurs only when a task-irrelevant feature is weak. We hope that this article will provide new insight into the role of attention in perceptual learning to the benefit of both sensory psychophysicists/physiologists and animal learning psychologists.  相似文献   

Inspiration: One Percent and Rising     

Yasuhiko Watanabe  Yoshihiro Okada  Kengo Kaneji  Yoshitaka Sakamoto 《TechTrends》2009,53(3):33-34

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The role of cultural identity as a learning factor in physics: a discussion through the role of science in Brazil     

Ivã Gurgel  Mauricio Pietrocola  Graciella Watanabe 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2016,11(2):349-370

In recent decades, changes in society have deeply affected the internal organization and the main goals of schools. These changes are particularly important in science education because science is one of the major sources of change in peoples’ lives. This research provided the opportunity to investigate how these changes affect the way teachers develop their classroom activities. In this work, we focus on science as part of the cultural identity of a society and how this identity affects the process of teaching and learning inside the classroom. Other works have shown that certain social characteristics such as gender, race, religion, etc., can create a cultural barrier to learning science. This results in an obstacle between those particular students and the science that is taught, hindering their learning process. We first aim to present the notion of identity in education and in other related fields such as social psychology and sociology. Our main purpose is to focus on identity in a school setting and how that identity affects the relationship students have with the science content. Next, we present and analyze an intervention in the subject of Modern and Contemporary Physics composed by a sequence of activities in a private school in the region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. This intervention serves to illustrate how scientific topics may be explored while considering aspects of cultural differences as an obstacle. The intervention was completed in two steps: first, in the classroom with a discussion concerning scientific works and nationality of scientists, with one being a Brazilian physicist; second, taking students to visit a particle collider at the University of São Paulo. One of the results of our research was realizing that students do not perceive science as something representative of the Brazilian cultural identity. At the same time, the activity gave the students the opportunity to make the connection between doing physical sciences at an international level and the national level in Brazil. The findings of this study suggest that it is possible to reshape the cultural identity of Brazilian students.  相似文献   

Post-war children’s literature in Japan     

Shigeo Watanabe 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(2):113-124

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