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1.
Umeda T Nakaji S Shimoyama T Yamamoto Y Totsuka M Sugawara K 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(4):329-338
In this study, we examined the effects of weight reduction by restricting energy intake on muscle function and serum concentrations of myogenic enzymes in judoists. Twenty-seven male judoists aged 19.3 +/- 0.6 years (mean +/- s) were divided into three groups based on the extent of body weight reduction: high weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 78.5 +/- 13.6 kg), low weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 80.7 +/- 13.1 kg) and a group that maintained body weight while continuing to perform exercise training (height 1.78 +/- 0.07 m, body mass 78.7 +/- 8.8 kg). Body composition, blood biochemistry, energy intake and anaerobic power were assessed on four occasions: 20 days (baseline data), 4 days and 1 day before and 7 days after competition. Compared with baseline, body mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower 1 day before competition in the high and low weight reduction groups (both P < 0.01); these changes persisted for 7 days after competition in the high weight reduction group. Serum creatine kinase was significantly elevated 1 day before competition in all groups (all P < 0.05), and remained higher 7 days after competition in both the high and low weight reduction groups. Compared with baseline, maximal anaerobic power was significantly lower 1 day before competition only in the high weight reduction group (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that energy restriction in addition to intense exercise training before major competition has an adverse effect on anaerobic power and elevates serum creatine kinase concentration, leading to an impairment of muscular function and an increased susceptibility of muscle tissue to injury. 相似文献
2.
Since robots are becoming involved in children's lives, it is urgent to determine how children perceive robots. The present study assessed whether Japanese 5-year-olds care about their reputation when interacting with a social robot. Children were given stickers and asked to divide them between themselves and an absent recipient. Results revealed that children (N = 112, 55 boys, 57 girls) strategically shared more stickers when being watched by a social interactive robot than by an attentional but non-interactive robot or a still robot. Additionally, children (N = 36, 18 boys, 18 girls) attributed higher psychological properties to social robots. This study is the first to show that 5-year-olds care about their reputations from social robots. 相似文献
3.
课堂改革:学校改革的中心课题 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
一、课堂改革:学校改革的中心课题 近年来,称之为“班级崩溃”的现象以小学为中 心泛滥成灾,引起了人们的关注。这个事实本身表 明,日本的课堂处于巨大的转折点。 尽管仅仅观察日本的课堂难以发现,但在近30 年间,世界各国的课堂正在实现缓慢的变革。如今在 相似文献
4.
构建“学习共同体”的学校改革 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
日本学校改革的目标是创建“学习共同体”，“学习共同体”的建立，不仅使其可成为孩子们学习和成长的天地，也是教师共同学习成长的地方，并且还可以作为家长、市民支持和参加学校改革、共同学习成长的重要场所。改革的理论基础主要是杜威的公共哲学。推进作为“学习共同体”的学校建设，需要遵循少则多、简则优、小则精的原则。这种改革并没有特定的形态、特定的运动以及特定的处方，是任何一所学校的任何人都可以参与挑战的“活动体系”。 相似文献
5.
Tsutomu Hirao Manabu Okumura Norihito Yasuda Hideki Isozaki 《Information processing & management》2007,43(6):1521
The high quality evaluation of generated summaries is needed if we are to improve automatic summarization systems. Although human evaluation provides better results than automatic evaluation methods, its cost is huge and it is difficult to reproduce the results. Therefore, we need an automatic method that simulates human evaluation if we are to improve our summarization system efficiently. Although automatic evaluation methods have been proposed, they are unreliable when used for individual summaries. To solve this problem, we propose a supervised automatic evaluation method based on a new regression model called the voted regression model (VRM). VRM has two characteristics: (1) model selection based on ‘corrected AIC’ to avoid multicollinearity, (2) voting by the selected models to alleviate the problem of overfitting. Evaluation results obtained for TSC3 and DUC2004 show that our method achieved error reductions of about 17–51% compared with conventional automatic evaluation methods. Moreover, our method obtained the highest correlation coefficients in several different experiments. 相似文献
6.
This paper describes life-span development ofunderstanding about pendulum motion and effectsof school science. The subjects were 2,766 peopleranging from kindergartners up to 88 years seniorcitizens. The conflict and consensus between childrenand their parent's understanding of pendulum motionwere also analyzed. The kindergartner's understanding,mostly non-scientific, made a marked developmental changeto another type of non-scientific understanding by thetime they reach G 4. Parents with scientific understandingdo not presumably nurture scientifically minded children,even though about half of them can apply scientificconceptions that shorter pendulums swing faster, andthe amplitude and speed of pendulum motion do not dependon its weight. There seems to be another type ofdevelopmental change from scientific understanding tonon-scientific understanding around their fifties. Itis suggested that the scientific understanding in thepublic about pendulum motion become predominant due tothe educational intervention through school science. 相似文献
7.
Emilie Weibull Shunsuke Matsui Manabu Sakai Helene Andersson Svahn Toshiro Ohashi 《Biomicrofluidics》2013,7(6)
Understanding biomolecular gradients and their role in biological processes is essential for fully comprehending the underlying mechanisms of cells in living tissue. Conventional in vitro gradient-generating methods are unpredictable and difficult to characterize, owing to temporal and spatial fluctuations. The field of microfluidics enables complex user-defined gradients to be generated based on a detailed understanding of fluidic behavior at the μm-scale. By using microfluidic gradients created by flow, it is possible to develop rapid and dynamic stepwise concentration gradients. However, cells exposed to stepwise gradients can be perturbed by signals from neighboring cells exposed to another concentration. Hence, there is a need for a device that generates a stepwise gradient at discrete and isolated locations. Here, we present a microfluidic device for generating a stepwise concentration gradient, which utilizes a microwell slide''s pre-defined compartmentalized structure to physically separate different reagent concentrations. The gradient was generated due to flow resistance in the microchannel configuration of the device, which was designed using hydraulic analogy and theoretically verified by computational fluidic dynamics simulations. The device had two reagent channels and two dilutant channels, leading to eight chambers, each containing 4 microwells. A dose-dependency assay was performed using bovine aortic endothelial cells treated with saponin. High reproducibility between experiments was confirmed by evaluating the number of living cells in a live-dead assay. Our device generates a fully mixed fluid profile using a simple microchannel configuration and could be used in various gradient studies, e.g., screening for cytostatics or antibiotics. 相似文献
8.
Takashi Umeda Shigeyuki Nakaji Tadashi Shimoyama Youske Yamamoto Manabu Totsuka Kazuo Sugawara 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):329-338
In this study, we examined the effects of weight reduction by restricting energy intake on muscle function and serum concentrations of myogenic enzymes in judoists. Twenty-seven male judoists aged 19.3±0.6 years (mean±s) were divided into three groups based on the extent of body weight reduction: high weight reduction (height 1.70±0.05?m, body mass 78.5 ±13.6?kg), low weight reduction (height 1.70±0.05?m, body mass 80.7±13.1?kg) and a group that maintained body weight while continuing to perform exercise training (height 1.78± 0.07?m, body mass 78.7±8.8?kg). Body composition, blood biochemistry, energy intake and anaerobic power were assessed on four occasions: 20 days (baseline data), 4 days and 1 day before and 7 days after competition. Compared with baseline, body mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower 1 day before competition in the high and low weight reduction groups (both P?<0.01); these changes persisted for 7 days after competition in the high weight reduction group. Serum creatine kinase was significantly elevated 1 day before competition in all groups (all P?<0.05), and remained higher 7 days after competition in both the high and low weight reduction groups. Compared with baseline, maximal anaerobic power was significantly lower 1 day before competition only in the high weight reduction group (P?<0.01). Our results suggest that energy restriction in addition to intense exercise training before major competition has an adverse effect on anaerobic power and elevates serum creatine kinase concentration, leading to an impairment of muscular function and an increased susceptibility of muscle tissue to injury. 相似文献
9.
Toshiaki Nakazaw Manabu Yaguchi Kiyotaka Uchimoto Masao Utiyam Eiichiro Sumit Sadao Kurohashi Hitoshi Isahar 何彦青 刘建辉 《情报工程》2017,3(3):040-046
本文详细介绍了ASPEC（亚洲科学论文摘录语料库）。作为首个大规模的科学论文领域内的平行语料库,ASPEC 是由日- 中机器翻译项目于 2006 年至2010 年间利用科技促进专用协作基金构建起来的。它包含约300 万条平行语句的日- 英科学论文摘要语料库（ASPEC-JE）和约68万条平行语句的中- 日科学论文摘录语料库（ASPEC-JC）。ASPEC 被用作机器翻译评测研讨会WAT（亚洲翻译研讨会）的官方数据集。 相似文献
10.
全球化时代的日本学校教育改革--危机与改革的构想 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
全球化引发了产业社会向后产业社会的转型,以产业社会为基础建立起来的日本现代学校教育体制面临着严峻的挑战。在官僚主义统治和新自由主义政策把持下的日本教育改革,以一种新的竞争态势使教育的公共性与民主性陷入危机。日本的教育改革不是仅仅依靠新自由主义与新保守主义的政策来推进,更多地是依靠社会民主主义的政策,将学校改革作为一场“静悄悄的革命”而不断发展。因此,日本的教育改革要批判地吸收新保守主义与新自由主义的主张,提倡以“民主主义”与“公共性”原理为基础,构建“学习共同体”的学校改革理念,并通过建立学校之间的联合与教师之间的合作关系而有效地组织并支持改革。 相似文献