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Seitaro Kumamoto Kenshiro Nakatake Souichiro Fukuyama Keiichiro Yasuda Yusuke Kitamura Masaaki Iwatsuki Hideo Baba Toshihiro Ihara Yoshitaka Nakanishi Yuta Nakashima 《Biomicrofluidics》2020,14(6)
To study an environmental or biological solution, it is essential to separate its constituents. In this study, a 3D-deformable dynamic microfilter was developed to selectively separate the target substance from a solution. This microfilter is a fine metallic nickel structure fabricated using photolithography and electroplating techniques. It is gold-coated across its entire surface with multiple slits of 10–20 μm in width. Its two-dimensional shape is deformed into a three-dimensional shape when used for fluid separation due to hydrodynamic forces. By adjusting the pressure applied to the microfilter, the size of the gap created by deformation can be changed. To effectively isolate the target substance, the relationship between the solution flow rate and the extent of microfilter deformation was investigated. The filtration experiments demonstrated the microfilter’s ability to isolate the target substance with elastic deformation without undergoing plastic deformation. Additionally, modification of the microfilter surface with nucleic acid aptamers resulted in the selective isolation of the target cell, which further demonstrates the potential application of microfilters in the isolation of specific components of heterogeneous solutions. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the inefficiency and productivity of 64 Chinese research universities and their evolution over the recent period of 2010–2013, where the production process of each research university is described as a general two-stage network process. We first develop a general two-stage network directional distance framework with carryover variables to gauge the universities’ inefficiencies. Second, to study the evolution of the universities, we develop a Luenberger productivity indicator to measure the productivity changes over time, as well as decompositions. The empirical results show that the Luenberger productivity indicator increased significantly over the examined period. The productivity gains were primarily driven by improvements in efficiency. In other words, the efficiency increased on average over the period of 2010–2013. However, technical changes for many universities were below zero, which led to technology deterioration on average. Finally, based on the estimates, we propose several policy suggestions for improving efficiency and productivity. 相似文献
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