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Accurate measurement of head volume is indispensable for precise assessments of body composition determined by hydrostatic weighing without head submersion. The purpose of this study was to establish a prediction equation for head volume measured by the immersion method from multiple regression analysis using head parameters (head circumference, head length, head breadth, neck girth and head thickness) as independent variables. The participants were 106 Japanese young adults (55 males and 51 females) aged 17-27 years. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each head parameter and head volume in males and females were very high (ICC = 0.993-0.999, 0.992-0.998). Head circumference was closely related to head volume measured by the immersion method (r = 0.719, 0.861, P < 0.05), and was the most important parameter for the prediction equation in both sexes. Head breadth was related poorly (r = 0.475, 0.500, P < 0.05) and showed a small individual difference. It was, therefore, excluded from the independent variables. The prediction equation for males was predicted head volume = 122.10X1 + 106.19X3 + 37.16X4 - 89.46X5 - 4754.93, R = 0.909, SEE = 121.75 ml, and that for females was predicted head volume = 213.83X1 + 45.24X3 + 36.85X4 - 74.34X5 - 8912.43, R = 0.913, SEE = 136.26 ml (where X1 = head circumference, X3 = head length, X4 = neck girth, X5 = head thickness, and SEE = standard error of the estimate). The limits of agreement for predicted and measured head volume were -234.5 to 234.1 ml for males, and -261.0 to 261.0 ml for females. In cross-validation groups of both sexes, there were no significant differences between measured head volume and predicted head volume. The correlation coefficients between measured head volume and predicted head volume in males and females were 0.894 and 0.908, respectively. The predicted head volume from prediction equations was considered to have high reliability and validity. 相似文献
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Donald Merriman Robin S. Codding Georgiana Shick Tryon Takuya Minami 《Psychology in the schools》2016,53(5):457-470
Research on the effectiveness of homework provides ample evidence that homework has a positive effect on learning, particularly for secondary students. Unfortunately, the rate of consistent homework completion for students, with and without disabilities, is low. This study used a between‐groups design to examine the differential effectiveness of coaching, a self‐management intervention, compared with the local treatment‐as‐usual (homework center) on improving the homework completion of 50 middle school students (Grades 6 to 8) with and without disabilities who were having substantial difficulty with homework. Results indicated that both group coaching and homework center (treatment‐as‐usual) were effective in significantly decreasing homework problems, with no clear indication that one intervention was, overall, superior to the other. However, preliminary analyses suggest that these interventions might be differentially effective as a function of disability status. 相似文献
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Frederick W. Fairman Takao Hinamoto Ronald Hirschorn 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1982,313(3):123-133
The problem of observing the state of a linear finite dimensional system in the presence of unknown disturbance noise is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed for the existence of a minimal order observer capable of producing an asymptotic estimate of the state of the given system. The approach used leads to a computationally attractive procedure for obtaining an observer having specified eigenvalues. 相似文献
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小尾孝夫 《南京晓庄学院学报》2006,22(5):39-43
本文在详细考察了从东晋末至刘宋初期北府兵的主要兵源、晋陵郡域上侨置的无实土侨郡县的受掌控方式后,认为刘宋以后(南朝初期),由于该时期政治格局的变动,北府兵虽然在政治史上没有以其先前的强势面貌出现,但是因其与中央军有着甚为密切的联系,依然拥有左右政局的重要军事地位,其政治上的重大影响依然存在。 相似文献
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This study examines the professional experiences of casual relief teachers (CRTs) and some of the challenges they face through the lens of practice architecture theory. Practice architecture theory considers human activity through the multi-layered lens of sayings, doings and relatings. A survey was used to collect responses from 104 CRTs who are teaching or have previously taught in Australian primary schools. The responses were examined using thematic content analysis to gain insights into their experiences of professional practice. In addition, the demographic information from the survey identified three main categories of CRTs which contributed to better understanding of distinct needs and experiences of each type of CRT. Results indicate that many participants saw casual teaching as a negative and alienating experience due to lack of access to school information, lack of support for accreditation and feelings of exclusion from school communities. The need for greater access to information about professional learning was also highlighted. However, others enjoyed the flexibility and sense of belonging they experienced as CRTs. The present study contributes to CRT research by identifying similarities and differences across the three CRT groups and applying practice architectures as a new theoretical lens through which to analyse their professional experiences. 相似文献
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Thiolene-based microfluidic devices have been coupled with surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) to provide an integrated platform to study interfacial interactions in both aqueous and organic solutions. In this work, we develop a photolithographic method that interfaces commercially available thiolene resin to gold and glass substrates to generate microfluidic channels with excellent adhesion that leave the underlying sensor surface free from contamination and readily available for surface modification through self-assembly. These devices can sustain high flow rates and have excellent solvent compatibility even with several organic solvents. To demonstrate the versatility of these devices, we have conducted nanomolar detection of streptavidin-biotin interactions using in situ SPRI. 相似文献
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In 1972 a longitudinal study was launched in one of the largest department store chains in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the managerial career development of the newly hired college graduates. The research design required repeated monitoring of a newcomer's progress within the organization at seven different points in time over a three-year period. The study investigated basic questions concerning the process of managerial career development: (1) Why do some people achieve a higher level of management progress during the early period of their organizational career, while others do not? (2) What are the important indicators of management development during the formative years in business? (3) How accurately can development in management be predicted? (4) What are the organizational and personal consequences of managerial development? Over the three-year period of this study data were collected on 80 newly hired college graduates. Two models that have been used to understand the process of early management development in the United States were tested. Results were compatible with these models. Performance at the end of three years was found to be significantly related to both initially assessed potential (assessment model) and developed working relationships (vertical exchange model). Other professional and organizational outcomes were significantly related to developed working relationships. The implications of this cultural generality are discussed. 相似文献
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The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to examine uses of evidence inuniversity students' writing of scientific argument. The study was conducted in anintroductory level oceanography course in a large public university. In this course students draw on large-scale geological data sets provided by an interactive CD-ROM,`Our Dynamic Planet' (Prothero 1995), to write a scientific technical paper. We examined the uses of evidence in two ways. First, we conducted interviews with undergraduate oceanography students n = 9, non-oceanography undergraduate students n = 8 , and course instructors n = 4 to assess the differences in interpretation of uses of scientific evidence for high ranked and low ranked student papers from a previous academic year. Second, we applied our proposed argumentation analysis to student writing to examine the formulation of evidence in these high and low ranked papers. We draw on these findings to discuss ways of teaching students the construction of argument in scientific writing. 相似文献
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The issue of international student mobility has had a profound effect on policy decision-making in the higher education system of essentially every country; however, the statistical data on this subject are insufficient, especially for graduate students. The purposes of this study are to substantiate the state of international mobility among talented graduate students in the sciences and engineering who will publish scholarly research in their future career and to present the mechanism of their moves between institutions. This paper quantitatively analyzes the trajectories of more than 7,000 scientists and engineers beginning at graduate school, obtained from the biographical notes attached to journal articles for authors in the fields of computer vision, robotics, and electron devices. The results suggest that mobility in various engineering fields at world-class research universities is subject to varied pull and push factors. In the fields of computer vision and robotics, a high world university ranking is a significant pull factor in the global mobility of graduate students, which may promote a US-dominated stratification between institutions of higher education, since the institutions at the top end of these rankings are generally in the United States. In contrast, in the field of electron devices, employment for highly skilled workers in domestic industries seems to act as an alternative pull factor for talented graduate students. This article also sheds light on the status of the universities that underpin first-tier research universities by providing undergraduate students to them, an important role that tends to be concealed in the world university rankings. Furthermore, this article suggests the existence of complementary relationships between the globally top-ranked research universities and the exporting top national research universities in various countries, a relationship that is key to the shape of the current global higher education system. 相似文献