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佐藤将之 《科学．经济．社会》2021,39(2):114-128
本文旨在阐明《荀子》思想的特质和历史意义,而由此探讨其"天下"观和对当时秦国的看法.借此欲阐明《荀子》一书在战国时代周鲁两国已经不存在的政治情况下成形或出现于世的历史意义.本文先将荀子的"天下"观整理为如下三种特色:其一,荀子所构想的国家从头开始就是治理天下领域的国家.其二,在荀子"天下"观视野下的国家会经过其兴亡的动态.从正面的意义来看,原来只有"方百里"领土的小国理论上也能成长为治理天下的国家.其三,荀子在叙述周朝巩固治理天下的过程中赞扬周公的关键角色,并将他称为"大儒".基于如上三点,荀子在观察秦国的现状之际,认为其威势和领土已经不必要再扩张,而极力鼓励秦廷聘用"大儒"或"聪明君子"来推行"义术",即安抚天下诸侯和人民的政策.荀子一方面似乎认为实际上唯秦国具有在近未来能够治理天下的可能,但借由强调任何领土方圆"一百里"的诸侯只要聘用"大儒"也能够治理天下这一点,提醒秦君别错过聘用他的机会,否则聘用这样人才的其他国家会取代秦国的角色. 相似文献
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20世纪末年郭店楚简等新出土文献问世后,新的知识与见解也随之而来.基于此新知见,对孟子性善论的形成过程有一系列论考.本文即其中探讨《子思子》,特别是中庸篇的部分.中庸篇分为新旧两部分.其中以"中庸"为主题的旧的部分,根据文章形式来看,应该与《缁衣》《表记》《坊记》一样是为子思所作.以"诚"为主题的新的部分,虽然含有部分后世添加的内容,但其思想的架构应该也源自子思,比如,其中有与《性自命出》相同的"性即气"的思考,也有与《五行》相似的天道—人道的思考模式.而孟子在接受这些思想时是有选择的,比如说,子思的"诚"的思想实质上就被孟子抛弃了. 相似文献
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In a social system or production line,the restrictions of the cost and the due-time exist in each period.Generally,whether these restrictions are satisfied is dependent not only on the risks of this period,but also on the risks generated beforehand.We consider controlling the production process by switching the processing rate to a faster one at a given period.This paper deals with the optimal switching period to minimize the total expected cost of the production process.We first propose the optimal switching period model,and then the mathematic formulation of the total expectation is presented.Finally,the policy of optimal switching period is investigated in detail by numerical experiments. 相似文献
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To present three-directional forces at ten human fingertips, we previously developed a bimanual multi-fingered haptic interface consisting of two five-fingered haptic hands and two interface arms. However, there is a risk that the component parts of the haptic interface will collide while an operator is manipulating the interface. A collision could be hazardous for the operator, and thus collision avoidance is essential. To solve this problem, we propose a collision avoidance controller for the bimanual multi-fingered haptic interface. The proposed controller prevents collisions while reducing the collision-induced effects on the haptic display. We carried out several experiments, the results of which show the validity of the proposed collision avoidance controller for the bimanual multi-fingered haptic interface. 相似文献
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Complexation of π-conjugated ligands by metal or semimetal ions leads to the enhancement of the planarity and rigidity of π-conjugated systems. Boron, especially, has played a central role in the design of luminescent main-group complexes. However, these complexes still suffer the disadvantage of aggregation-caused quenching as well as typical organic fluorophores. It has recently been reported that some types of boron complexes exhibit the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property. Moreover, AIE behavior from complexes and organometallic compounds composed of the other group 13 elements, such as aluminum and gallium, has emerged in this decade. These observations greatly encourage us to develop advanced functional materials based on the group 13 elements. Indeed, recent research has demonstrated that these classes of materials are potentially versatile scaffolds for constructing chromic luminophores, efficiently emissive π-conjugated polymers and so on. This review mainly describes AIE-active group 13 complexes with four-coordinate structures and their application as photo-functional materials. Proposed mechanisms of the origins of AIE behavior are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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本文基于"郭店楚简"等20世纪末年问世的新出土文献带来的新知见,探讨孟子性善论形成过程的一系列论考之中探讨《五行》思想的部分.《五行》将"知"视为觉醒认知能力之过程,并将之分为"圣"和"智"两种.在此格局上,《五行》设定修养过程为:借由"智"之觉醒察觉到"贤人"之"德",通过模仿"行"本身来掌握"仁""义"等,从而实现"人道"之"善",进而从此阶段上升,借由"圣"的觉醒达到"天道"之"德",亦即能够在"德之行"的层次实践"仁""义"等.另外,《五行》"说"的相关论述中,"说"的作者用"仁气""义气"等术语对上述过程加以解说.从这一点可推测出《五行》的思想与《性自命出》的"性即气"的思维方式相当接近. 相似文献
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20世纪末年郭店楚简等新出土文献问世后,新的知识与见解也随之而来.笔者基于此新知见,对孟子性善论的形成过程有一系列论考.本文即其中探讨《五行》与孟子思想关系的部分.孟子思想的形成虽然受到了子思《五行》的影响,但其中不动心体验往后的修养模式,却完全舍弃了《五行》中的理论.也就是说,孟子 舍弃了《五行》中"性即气"的思维,将"心"放置在"气"的上位,并以"心"为基础展开了四端说.通过这种立足 于"心"的修养论,孟子彻底解决了"性即气"思维模式中所包含的问题.而这种从"气"至"心"的转换,正是使孟子成为独具一格之思想家的重要之处. 相似文献
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Yumiko Otsuka Yukuo Konishi So Kanazawa Masami K. Yamaguchi Hervé Abdi Alice J. O'Toole 《Child development》2009,80(4):1259-1271
This study compared 3- to 4-month-olds' recognition of previously unfamiliar faces learned in a moving or a static condition. Infants in the moving condition showed successful recognition with only 30 s familiarization, even when different images of a face were used in the familiarization and test phase (Experiment 1). In contrast, infants in the static condition showed successful recognition only when the familiarization duration was lengthened to 90 s and when the same image was used between the familiarization and test phase (Experiments 2 and 3). Furthermore, presentation of multiple static images of a face did not yield the same level of performance as the moving condition (Experiment 4). These results suggest that facial motion promotes young infants' recognition of unfamiliar faces. 相似文献
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Despite the recent progress in understanding consumer moderators, much of this work has focused on the satisfaction-behavioral intentions link. There is a lack of research regarding the potential moderating effects of consumer variables on the relationship between the three dimensions of customer equity (value, brand, and relationship equity) and behavioral intentions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how the effects of value, brand, and relationship equity on consumer behavioral intentions are enhanced by demographic (age and gender) and relational (season-ticket purchase) moderators. Furthermore, this study views brand equity as a psychological moderator and attempts to investigate the moderating effects of brand equity on the relationships between value equity, relationship equity, and behavioral intentions. Data were collected from spectators at a professional soccer event in Japan (n = 383). The results indicate that the effect of brand equity on behavioral intentions is positive and significant, while relationship equity has positive effects on both brand equity and behavioral intentions. A series of moderator analyses using the multi-group SEM method revealed that the influences of brand and relationship equity on behavioral intentions are stronger for younger consumers, men, and season-ticket holders than for older consumers, women, and non-season-ticket holders. Moreover, the moderator analyses verified that the effect of value equity on behavioral intentions was positive and significant only for those spectators belonging to the low brand equity categorization. The research findings, contributions, and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献