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Hiroko Nishida 《Int J Intercult Relat》1999,23(5):57
The purpose of this study was to examine schema theory and its application to intercultural communication, especially to sojourners’ cross-cultural adaptation. Eight primary types of schemas for social interactions were extracted, and these schemas’ functions for processing information were investigated. Furthermore, fundamental functional structures of schemas were analyzed when the theory was applied to sojourners’ cross-cultural adaptation, and eleven axioms were formulated in the following domains: the development of schemas, internal organization of schemas, schema-driven versus data-driven functions, and schema modification and change. 相似文献
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Recent advances in technologies for neuroscientific research enable us to investigate the neurobiological substrates of the human ethical sense. This article introduces several findings in “the brain science of ethics” obtained through brain-observation and brain-manipulation approaches. Studies over the past decade have revealed that several brain structures associated with emotion processing and the ability to understand the minds of others play key roles in the human ethical sense. We also discuss current limitations in studying the brain mechanisms of ethics: Although the true significance of the human ethical sense lies in social interactions, most neuroimaging studies so far have not captured the rich context of the social interactions that exist in the real world. The latest experimental paradigms focusing on “neural resonance” across brains, as well as a newly developed neuroimaging instrument that allows a wide range of social interactions under natural situations, are promising to overcome this limitation. Applications of such approaches and instruments to study the human ethical sense will improve our understanding of the complex nature of the human ethical sense. 相似文献
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Communication openness,satisfaction, and length of employment in Japanese organizations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hiroko Koike William B. Gudykunst Lea P. Stewart Stella Ting‐Toomey Tsukasa Nishida 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(2):97-102
Hypotheses were generated regarding the relationship among communication openness, satisfaction, and length of employment in Japanese organizations. A questionnaire was administered to employees of Japanese organizations in the Tokyo area. The data revealed that upward, downward, and lateral communication openness were associated positively with both relational and organizational satisfaction. Length of employment also was associated with downward and lateral communication openness and with both relational and organizational satisfaction. The relationships between length of employment and satisfaction differed for employees in large and small‐to‐moderate sized organizations. Lateral communication openness was associated positively with satisfaction variables and there was a relatively small association between length of employment and satisfaction. 相似文献
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William B. Gudykunst Ge Gao Tsukasa Nishida Michael H. Bond Kwok Leung Georgette Wang 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(1):7-12
This study examined the goodness of fit of three alternative models of self‐monitoring to data collected in five cultures (two individualistic and three collectivistic cultures) and the influence of individualism‐collectivism on self‐monitoring. It was predicted that the 18‐item unidimensional self‐monitoring scale is the best fit among the three and individualistic cultures exhibit higher self‐monitoring than collectivistic cultures. Data were collected from respondents in the United States, Australia (individualistic cultures) and Japan, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (collectivistic cultures). Results supported the predictions. The data suggest, however, that it is necessary to develop self‐monitoring measures which are sensitive across cultures. 相似文献
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There are significant regional disparities in the level of technology availability and utilization in China. This study analyzes determinants of technology availability and utilization in China's 31 administrative units using data on technology adoption and socioeconomic factors. It examines the extent of spatial autocorrelation on technology levels and regression residuals, and provides exploratory spatial cluster analysis of technology attributes interpreted by four regional policy approaches. An exploratory conceptual model is established, based on diffusion of innovations theory and prior digital divide research. Regression findings indicate the most significant determinant of technology availability and utilization is export commodities value. This is followed by published books, tertiary employment, non-state-owned employment, and innovation funds of enterprises. The conceptual model is discussed in light of these findings and suggestions are offered for China's technology policy. 相似文献
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Hiroko Nishida 《Int J Intercult Relat》1985,9(3):247-269
This study explores the relationship between language and communication skills and patterns of success and failure in the cross-cultural adjustment of Japanese university students. Seven interpersonal communication skills which were selected by Ruben and Kealey as important to cross-cultural adjustment were examined: empathy, respect, role behavior flexibility, orientation to knowledge, interaction posture, interaction management, and tolerance for ambiguity. Besides these skills, language was taken into consideration as a major component influencing Japanese intercultural communication. The behavioral assessment method developed by Ruben was utilized to measure communicative performance and behaviors of Japanese university students who visited the United States for 4 weeks for their English training. In order to assess the language skills of these individuals, listening, speaking, structure and written expression, and vocabolary and reading comprehension skills were measured. At the end of their stay in the United States, the dimensions of culture shock, psychological adjustment, and interactional effectiveness were examined. Comparisons of pre- and post-test measures indicated that six out of the seven communication behaviors observed in the Japanese students did not predict success or failure in adjustment to the United States. Only ambiguity tolerance yielded correlation with culture shock. However, speaking and listening skills were closely correlated with interactional effectiveness. 相似文献
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