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The present experiment was run to test the hypothesis that, when shock was signaled, rats would develop effective coping responses so as to reduce the current flow through them. A 1-sec shock was delivered through a grid floor by a fixed impedance ac shock source. The current-flow measure was taken over the last 30 of 90 trials given over 3 days and indexed by “gross skin conductance” or GSC (shock). The rat under the signaled shock condition (n=15) showed higher GSC (shock) than did the rats under the unsignaled shock condition (n=14). Thus, the result contradicted the hypothesis. There was no indication that the rats developed any preparatory response during the 5-sec signal, in terms of either GSC (signal) or posture. The results were discussed with reference to the preparatory-response hypothesis and various other possibilities. 相似文献
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Eating, drinking, locomotion, and rearing activities of rats, maintained under a 12:12-h dark:light cycle, were measured continuously over 24 h a day for 40 days in the KGbox-24. For 20 days, beginning on Day 11, the shocks were given through the grid floor of the box 1 h after the beginning of the dark phase (at 2100 h). The daily food and water intake decreased, and there was no further gain in body weight after the introduction of shocks. The 2100-h shocks had some associative effects: (1) Suppression of ingestion developed during the period of 2000–2100 h; (2) acceleration of general activity developed during the period of 2000–2012 h; (3) anticipatory suppression of eating developed toward the end of the light phase. The 2100-h shocks also had suppressive aftereffects upon eating and drinking, especially during the early stage of the 20-day shock phase. Compensatory drinking was observed during the light phase, but no such effect was found for eating. Some findings which are not usually obtained in short-session experiments remain to be explained. References to two timing systems are made. 相似文献
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Two rat experiments were run to study the effects of a wide range of signal (CS) intensities on the suppression of licking. In Experiment 1, a light CS was varied over five levels, including zero intensity. Conditioned suppression was found to vary directly with CS intensity, but basal lick rates were not different among groups. In Experiment 2, an attempt was made to disturb the basal rate of licking, while a tone CS was varied over four levels, including zero intensity. Here the suppression of the CS rates was found to be directly related and basal rates inversely related to CS intensity. The results as a whole were consistent with the Perkins-Logan hypothesis regarding the effects of CS intensity upon conditioning, but not with the Rescorla-Wagner model of classical conditioning. 相似文献
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Learning & Behavior - Twenty-one thirsty rats were first trained to drink water from a tube 5 min per day. Then, six brief shocks were presented with an FI 45-sec schedule with (Group Sig) and... 相似文献
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The present study examined the nature of the “avoidance” response in goldfish under the linear presentation procedure (Zerbolio, 1981). With this procedure, shuttling behavior occurring during the presentation of the trial stimulus produces either CS? or CS+, and further occurrence of shuttling within the trial interval (10 sec) changes the value of CS from negative to positive, or vice versa. If the fish remains in the compartment when the prevailing cue state is CS? at the end of the interval, shock can be avoided. With this procedure fish responded to the CS+ more than to the CS? and avoided shock. But fish in one of two control groups, in which responses had no effect in changing the cue state from CS+ to CS?, or vice versa, also showed a clear differentiation. The results were generally in line with the view that the “avoidance” response in fish is acquired through classical conditioning. The contribution of classical conditioning to the acquisition of avoidance response is discussed. 相似文献
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A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted in a licking-suppression situation to test if a rat could count the number of shocks given in a 5-min session under signaled and unsignaled shock conditions. Groups F received three .7-sec grid shocks per session throughout 80 sessions, whereas Groups V received, on any day, one, two, three, four, or five shocks, with a mean of three shocks. The rats’ counting ability was assessed in terms of the post-third-shock acceleration of licking. The results of this measure were compared between Groups F and Groups V on test days in which both groups received three shocks with the identical shock sequence. There was no evidence that rats could count under either signaled or unsignaled shock conditions. The basal rate of licking was less in groups run under the unsignaled shock condition than under the signaled shock condition. The effect of fixed/variable shock frequency upon basal rate of licking was not significant. The results are discussed with reference to the optimal shock density view of Davis and Memmott (1982). 相似文献
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Experiment 1 employed a shock box in which light beams ran at 10, 15, 20, or 25 cm above the floor level of the box. Four groups of nine rats each were trained to avoid shock by cutting the light beams or letting them pass by, which the animal accomplished by upward or downward change of its posture. Training employed a discriminated avoidance paradigm, 60 trials per day for 5 days, with a 5-sec CS-US interval. Acquisition of the rearing avoidance response was observed only in the 15-cm condition. Using the same apparatus as in Experiment 1 and with a beam height of 15 cm, the rearing avoidance response was successfully conditioned in five rats using a nondiscriminated avoidance conditioning paradigm. There was good evidence of temporal discrimination in these animals. 相似文献
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