Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation     

Nora Schneider  Elizabeth Greenstreet  Sean C. L. Deoni 《Child development》2022,93(2):359-371

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.  相似文献   

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education     

Geoffroy P.J.C. Noël  Joseph Dubé  Gabriel Venne 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(5):675-681

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.  相似文献   

The resilience of scientific publication: From elite ancient academies to open access     

Jonathan J. Mallett 《Learned Publishing》2021,34(1):49-56

• Scientific publication has been a key part of the scientific method since the inception of Philosophical Transactions in 1665.
• The scientific publications industry has grown exponentially along with science, incorporating technological innovations along the way, and adapting journal processes and practices to changing needs of science as it matured.
• Of all the technological innovations over more than 300 years, the move to online journals may be the most significant, making open access to content practical for the first time.
• The open‐access movement is disrupting the economics of journal publishing, which is hoped will make the industry more competitive: the ability of the publications industry to adapt to open access will be a measure of its resilience.
• The demand for articles published in reputable journals continues to grow as readers trust the credibility of peer reviewed journal articles, and good authors value the prestige of publishing in the best journals.
• It is difficult to predict what new functionalities may be included in articles of the future or what additional services publishers and editors will provide, but there is every reason to believe that scientific journal articles are here to stay.

  相似文献   

Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing     

Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley  Marilyn Cyr  Megan C. Finsaas  Jonathan Orawe  Anna Huang  Nim Tottenham  Daniel N. Klein 《Child development》2020,91(1):110-128

Seventy-nine 3-year olds and their mothers participated in a laboratory-based task to assess maternal hostility. Mothers also reported their behavioral regulation of their child. Seven years later, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while viewing emotional faces and completing a reward processing task. Maternal hostility predicted more negative amygdala connectivity during exposure to sad relative to neutral faces with frontal and parietal regions as well as more negative left ventral striatal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback with the right posterior orbital frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, maternal regulation predicted enhanced cingulo-frontal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback. Results suggest parenting is associated with alterations in emotion and reward processing circuitry 7–8 years later.  相似文献   

The Historical Heart of Atmospheric Science     

Anthony J. Sadar 《Science & Education》2018,27(1-2):233-235

  相似文献   

Cruelty and Afrofuturism     

Lonny J. Avi Brooks 《传播与批判/文化研究》2018,15(1):101-107

  相似文献   

Nurturing leadership: equitable mentoring for the superintendency     

Ava J. Muñoz  Anita M. Pankake  Shirley Mills  Marie Simonsson 《International Journal of Leadership in Education》2018,21(3):284-292

  相似文献   

Affordable Course Materials: Electronic Textbooks and Open Educational Resources     

Robert J. Vander Hart 《Journal of Web Librarianship》2018,12(2):141-142

  相似文献   

The Influence of Hygroscopic Materials on the Fluctuation of Relative Humidity in Museums Located in Historical Buildings     

C. Ferreira  V. P. de Freitas 《文物保护研究》2020,65(3):127-141

ABSTRACT

The preservation of artefacts in museum collections is profoundly affected by fluctuations in temperature and, especially, relative humidity (RH). Since the late nineteenth century, many studies have been carried out on the best way to control hygrothermal conditions. In old buildings located in maritime temperate climate zones (such as Portugal) with strong thermal inertia, and which have low ventilation rate (relative to the volume and number of visitors), daily and seasonal hygroscopic inertia may help to assure the maintenance of RH stabilization conditions. The use of expensive active systems may be minimized through the passive behaviour of internal finishing building materials. This work presents the results of an experimental laboratory study conducted in a flow chamber to demonstrate the enormous potential of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing interior relative humidity. Based in these results and in-situ monitoring in a museum housed in a building, located in Porto, with a typical construction of the 1950s (granite masonry and reinforced concrete slabs), a numerical analysis was done to quantify the influence of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing the interior relative humidity.  相似文献   

Constructing inside-ness to physics: how matter comes to matter in physics identity work     

Gonsalves  Allison J. 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2020,15(4):911-921

Cultural Studies of Science Education - In this paper, I engage with arguments put forth by Anna Günther-Hanssen in her article “A swing and a child: How scientific phenomena can come to...  相似文献