排序方式： 共有15条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
The dynamics of R&D network in the IT industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we provide an empirical analysis of evolving networks of successful R&D collaborations in the IT industry (consisting of firms that obtained patents in the technological category of computers and communication) in the U.S. between 1985 and 1995. We first show that the R&D network has become more extensive, more clustered, and more unequal in the sense that ‘stars’ have emerged in the network. We then analyze the effect of the existing network structure in the process of new R&D collaboration formation. We control for unobserved similarities among firms based on the community structures within the network that the algorithm developed by Girvan and Newman (2004) identifies and find a significant cyclic closure and preferential-attachment effect. 相似文献
3.
Ryo Yoshii 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2016,20(8):844-854
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, American psychologists began addressing problems related to the intellectual capacity of students enrolled in public schools. This paper focuses on the role and influence of psychologists in addressing these problems, specifically the difficulty of classifying students deemed feeble-minded and backward. This paper discusses the diagnostic theory of the clinical psychologist John Edward Wallace Wallin (1876–1969), who was one of America's leading proponents of diagnosing and classifying students in public schools. I show that, in addressing treatment for the feeble-minded and backward, he emphasised educational instruction suited to a child's individual needs and adopted individual/multiphase methods rather than primarily focusing on efficiency-based diagnostic methods. In a democratic society, such as the USA, it was important to establish educational placement and differentiated instruction suited to individual needs. 相似文献
4.
Ryo Ito Naoyuki Yamashita Eiko Suzuki Takaaki Matsumoto 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(9):892-898
Outdoor exercise often proceeds in rainy conditions. However, the cooling effects of rain on human physiological responses have not been systematically studied in hot conditions. The present study determined physiological and metabolic responses using a climatic chamber that can precisely simulate hot, rainy conditions. Eleven healthy men ran on a treadmill at an intensity of 70% VO2max for 30 min in the climatic chamber at an ambient temperature of 33°C in the presence (RAIN) or absence (CON) of 30 mm · h?1 of precipitation and a headwind equal to the running velocity of 3.15 ± 0.19 m · s?1. Oesophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, blood parameters, volume of expired air and sweat loss were measured. Oesophageal and mean skin temperatures were significantly lower from 5 to 30 min, and heart rate was significantly lower from 20 to 30 min in RAIN than in CON (P < 0.05 for all). Plasma lactate and epinephrine concentrations (30 min) and sweat loss were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in RAIN compared with CON. Rain appears to influence physiological and metabolic responses to exercise in heat such that heat-induced strain might be reduced. 相似文献
5.
David M. Schultz Stuart Anderson Ryo Seo-Zindy 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2013,22(3):278-286
For students who major in meteorology, engaging in weather forecasting can motivate learning, develop critical-thinking skills, improve their written communication, and yield better forecasts. Whether such advances apply to students who are not meteorology majors has been less demonstrated. To test this idea, a weather discussion and an eLearning weather forecasting contest were devised for a meteorology course taken by third-year undergraduate earth- and environmental-science students. The discussion consisted of using the recent, present, and future weather to amplify the topics of the week’s lectures. Then, students forecasted the next day’s high temperature and the probability of precipitation for Woodford, the closest official observing site to Manchester, UK. The contest ran for 10 weeks, and the students received credit for participation. The top students at the end of the contest received bonus points on their final grade. A Web-based forecast contest application was developed to register the students, receive their forecasts, and calculate weekly standings. Students who were successful in the forecast contest were not necessarily those who achieved the highest scores on the tests, demonstrating that the contest was possibly testing different skills than traditional learning. Student evaluations indicate that the weather discussion and contest were reasonably successful in engaging students to learn about the weather outside of the classroom, synthesize their knowledge from the lectures, and improve their practical understanding of the weather. Therefore, students taking a meteorology class, but not majoring in meteorology, can derive academic benefits from weather discussions and forecast contests. Nevertheless, student evaluations also indicate that better integration of the lectures, weather discussions, and the forecasting contests is necessary. 相似文献
6.
7.
Microinjection with ultra-fine glass capillaries is widely used to introduce cryoprotective agents and other foreign molecules into animal cells, oocytes, and embryos. The fragility of glass capillaries makes difficult the microinjection of fish eggs and embryos, which are usually protected by a hard outer shell, called the chorion. In this study, we introduce a new electromechanical approach, based on the electropiercing of fish eggs with a stationary needle electrode. The electropiercing setup consists of two asymmetric electrodes, including a μm-scaled nickel needle placed opposite to a mm-scaled planar counter-electrode. A fish egg is immersed in low-conductivity solution and positioned between the electrodes. Upon application of a short electric pulse of sufficient field strength, the chorion is electroporated and the egg is attracted to the needle electrode by positive dielectrophoresis. As a result, the hard chorion and the subjacent yolk membrane are impaled by the sharp electrode tip, thus providing direct access to the egg yolk plasma. Our experiments on early-stage medaka fish embryos showed the applicability of electro-microinjection to fish eggs measuring about 1 mm in diameter. We optimized the electropiercing of medaka eggs with respect to the field strength, pulse duration, and conductivity of bathing medium. We microscopically examined the injection of dye solution into egg yolk and the impact of electropiercing on embryos'' viability and development. We also analyzed the mechanisms of electropiercing in comparison with the conventional mechanical microinjection. The new electropiercing method has a high potential for automation, e.g., via integration into microfluidic devices, which would allow a large-scale microinjection of fish eggs for a variety of applications in basic research and aquaculture. 相似文献
8.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＦｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ (ＦＧＦ)ｉｓａｎａｎｇｉｏ ｇｅｎｉｃａｎｄｍｉｔｏｇｅｎｉｃｐｏｌｙｐｅｐｔｉｄｅｔｈａｔｃａｎｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｃｅｌｌｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎａｗｉｄｅｖａ ｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｃｅｌｌｔｙｐｅｓ (Ｇｏｌｄｆａｒｂ ,1 990 ;Ｂａｓｉｌｉｃｏｅｔａｌ.,1 992 ) .ＴｈｅＦＧＦｆａｍｉｌｙｈａｓｍａｎｙｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｓｉｍｉｌａｒａｍｉｎｏａｃｉｄｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅａｎｄｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａ… 相似文献
9.
Assessing the impact of a wildlife education program on Japanese attitudes and behavioral intentions
Ryo Sakurai Susan K. Jacobson Naoko Matsuda Tetsuya Maruyama 《Environmental Education Research》2015,21(4):542-555
Human–wildlife conflicts are common in agricultural communities and mountainous villages in Japan. Tochigi prefecture has one of the highest amounts of agricultural damage caused by wildlife in the country. To reduce conflicts, the Nature Preservation Division of Tochigi Prefecture launched a wildlife damage prevention program. We evaluated the effects of this program on residents’ attitudes and behavioral intentions by comparing a model district receiving the treatment program to a nearby control district. We conducted a survey of all households registered either in the residential organization or telephone book in each district (n?=?423), with a 46% response rate. The model district did not differ from the control except for greater perceived behavioral control regarding wildlife damage among residents in the model district (F?=?3.83, df?=?1, p?=?0.05). An unanticipated outcome was the development of a community-based wildlife group in the model district. In both model and control districts, subjective norm (perceived social pressure to engage or not to engage in a behavior) was the strongest predictor of behavioral intentions, unlike results of studies conducted in the US. 相似文献
10.
Toshinori Yoshihara Takao Sugiura Nobuyuki Miyaji Yuki Yamamoto Tsubasa Shibaguchi Ryo Kakigi Hisashi Naito Katsumasa Goto Daijiro Ohmori Toshitada Yoshioka 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(11):844-852
We examined the effect of a combination of astaxanthin (AX) supplementation, repeated heat stress, and intermittent reloading (IR) on satellite cells in unloaded rat soleus muscles. Forty-nine male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were divided into control, hind-limb unweighting (HU), IR during HU, IR with AX supplementation, IR with repeated heat stress (41.0–41.5 °C for 30 min), and IR with AX supplementation and repeated heat stress groups. After the experimental period, the antigravitational soleus muscle was analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Our results revealed that the combination of dietary AX supplementation and heat stress resulted in protection against disuse muscle atrophy in the soleus muscle. This protective effect may be partially due to a higher satellite cell number in the atrophied soleus muscle in the IR/AX/heat stress group compared with the numbers found in the other groups. We concluded that the combination treatment with dietary AX supplementation and repeated heat stress attenuates soleus muscle atrophy, in part by increasing the number of satellite cells. 相似文献