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OBJECTIVE: Little information is available about the contribution of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to the likelihood of reporting hallucinations. We used data from the ACE study to assess this relationship. METHODS: We conducted a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction while growing up, with questions about health behaviors and outcomes in adulthood, which was completed by 17,337 adult HMO members in order to assess the independent relationship of 8 adverse childhood experiences and the total number of ACEs (ACE score) to experiencing hallucinations. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship of the ACE score to self-reported hallucinations. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant and graded relationship between histories of childhood trauma and histories of hallucinations that was independent of a history of substance abuse. Compared to persons with 0 ACEs, those with 7 or more ACEs had a five-fold increase in the risk of reporting hallucinations. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a history of childhood trauma should be looked for among persons with a history of hallucinations. 相似文献
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在城市的兴起、发展和不断扩大的过程中,形成了许多集贸市场,由于市场形成的一些自然现象和城市规划的历史问题,出现了一些有多家单位和个人所有的集贸市场。这种集贸市场事实上是一个整体,消防安全管理也应作为整体来要求,而由于没有一个法人实体可作为执法监督对象,其作为整体的一些违法行为没有违法主体,现行消防法规不能对这个整体做出具体要求,给消防机构的监督管理工作出了道难题。而其最终的"解"无法在消防监督管理中找,却落到城市消防规划上。 相似文献
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Dube SR Anda RF Felitti VJ Croft JB Edwards VJ Giles WH 《Child abuse & neglect》2001,25(12):1627-1640
OBJECTIVE: This study is a detailed examination of the association between parental alcohol abuse (mother only, father only, or both parents) and multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and other household dysfunction, known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). METHOD: A questionnaire about ACEs including child abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and exposure to parental alcohol abuse was completed by 8629 adult HMO members to retrospectively assess the relationship of growing up with parental alcohol abuse to 10 ACEs and multiple ACEs (ACE score). RESULTS: Compared to persons who grew up with no parental alcohol abuse, the adjusted odds ratio for each category of ACE was approximately 2 to 13 times higher if either the mother, father, or both parents abused alcohol (p < 0.05). For example, the likelihood of having a battered mother was increased 13-fold for men who grew up with both parents who abused alcohol (OR, 12.7; 95% CI: 8.4-19.1). For almost every ACE, those who grew up with both an alcohol-abusing mother and father had the highest likelihood of ACEs. The mean number of ACEs for persons with no parental alcohol abuse, father only, mother only, or both parents was 1.4, 2.6, 3.2, and 3.8, respectively (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Although the retrospective reporting of these experiences cannot establish a causal association with certainty, exposure to parental alcohol abuse is highly associated with experiencing adverse childhood experiences. Improved coordination of adult and pediatric health care along with related social and substance abuse services may lead to earlier recognition, treatment, and prevention of both adult alcohol abuse and adverse childhood experiences, reducing the negative sequelae of ACEs in adolescents and adults. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between childhood autobiographical memory disturbance (CAMD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) which are defined as common forms of child maltreatment and related traumatic stressors. METHODS: We use the ACE score (an integer count of eight different categories of ACEs) as a measure of cumulative exposure to traumatic stress during childhood. In a cross sectional analysis we assess the relationship of the ACE score to the prevalence of CAMD in a sample of 9,460 relatively healthy adults evaluated for wellness care at a southern California health maintenance organization between August 1995 and March 1996. In addition, we examined possible secular influences by examining association among each of four birth cohorts. Logistic regression was used to obtain the adjusted relative odds of CAMD associated with increasing ACE score. RESULTS: Overall, the age-standardized prevalence of CAMD was 18% (men: 15%; women: 19%). As the ACE score increased, the prevalence of CAMD increased in a graded fashion for both men and women (p for trend <.0001). After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education, adults with an ACE score >or=6 were 5.9 (95% CI, 4.4-7.9) times more likely to have CAMD compared to adults with an ACE score of 0. The prevalence of CAMD increased with each successive birth cohort, and graded relationships between the ACE score and CAMD were observed among each of the four birth cohorts though no statistical difference in the association was found across birth cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of ACEs across several domains is associated CAMD among men and women and in each of four birth cohorts. Further research is needed that describes the prevalence of CAMD in population-based samples and that examines whether impaired memory is a marker for persons neurobiologically affected by multiple forms of child maltreatment and related traumatic stressors. 相似文献
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人们研究东莞民营科技企业时,忽略了企业的内部制度,本文弥补这个空白。进行了近五百家科技企业的问卷调查和几十家科技企业的实地观察,从制度分析的角度指出其在产权激励、组织结构、精神动力上的缺陷,并提出创新的建议。 相似文献
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探索农民合作社创新发展新路径,是实施乡村振兴战略的迫切需求。本文利用四川省种植业农民合作社的调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配和内生转换回归模型考察了聘用职业经理人对农民合作社创新的影响。研究发现,聘用职业经理人后,农民合作社的管理创新与营销创新水平均得到了显著提升。而这一积极作用会由于土地经营规模与合作社等级的差异而有明显的异质性。稳健性检验表明本文的研究结果具有较强的稳健性。最后,通过检验潜在机制发现,互联网应用程度、组织学习能力和知识吸收能力等变量在聘用职业经理人和农民合作社创新之间起到中介作用。上述结论意味着,随着中国农村经济的发展,聘用职业经理人对促进农民合作社创新,实现农民合作社可持续发展有着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Dong M Anda RF Felitti VJ Dube SR Williamson DF Thompson TJ Loo CM Giles WH 《Child abuse & neglect》2004,28(7):771-784
OBJECTIVE: Childhood abuse and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have historically been studied individually, and relatively little is known about the co-occurrence of these events. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree to which ACEs co-occur as well as the nature of their co-occurrence. METHOD: We used data from 8,629 adult members of a health plan who completed a survey about 10 ACEs which included: childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), neglect (emotional and physical), witnessing domestic violence, parental marital discord, and living with substance abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household members. The bivariate relationship between each of these 10 ACEs was assessed, and multivariate linear regression models were used to describe the interrelatedness of ACEs after adjusting for demographic factors. RESULTS: Two-thirds of participants reported at least one ACE; 81%-98% of respondents who had experienced one ACE reported at least one additional ACE (median: 87%). The presence of one ACE significantly increased the prevalence of having additional ACEs, elevating the adjusted odds by 2 to 17.7 times (median: 2.8). The observed number of respondents with high ACE scores was notably higher than the expected number under the assumption of independence of ACEs (p <.0001), confirming the statistical interrelatedness of ACEs. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides strong evidence that ACEs are interrelated rather than occurring independently. Therefore, collecting information about exposure to other ACEs is advisable for studies that focus on the consequences of a specific ACE. Assessment of multiple ACEs allows for the potential assessment of a graded relationship between these childhood exposures and health and social outcomes. 相似文献
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Jose Ignacio Priego Quesada Pedro Pérez-Soriano Angel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas Rosario Salvador Palmer Rosa Mª Cibrián Ortiz de Anda 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1459-1465
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of different bike positions on the perception of fatigue, pain and comfort. Twenty cyclists underwent three tests that involved cycling for 45 min at their individual 50% peak aerobic power output while adopting different positions on the bike. Participants performed the cycling tests adopting three positions defined by two parameters (knee flexion angle [20°, 30°, 40°] and trunk flexion angle [35°, 45°, 55°]) in random order. Angles were measured using a 2D motion analysis system during cycling and applying Fonda’s correction factor. Perceptions of comfort, fatigue and pain were reported before the end of each test. The combination of 40° knee flexion and 35° trunk flexion was perceived as the most uncomfortable position. Moreover, greater knee flexion had a negative effect on trunk comfort, accompanied by greater levels of fatigue and pain perception in the anterior part of the thigh and knee. In conclusion, cyclists perceived the most comfortable position to be when the saddle height was within the recommended knee angle (30° calculated from the offset position or 40 ± 4.0° of absolute value). Upright trunk was found to be the most comfortable position for recreational cyclists, where aerodynamics is not so important. Cyclists’ bike perceptions should be taken into account when it comes to choosing the most beneficial position, since this can play a role in injury prevention and enhance cycling performance. 相似文献