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Ashok V. Desai 《Research Policy》1980,9(1):74-96
This paper surveys the trends in industrial R&D in India over the last two decades. It shows that there has been a rapid rise in R&D expenditure and a shift in its composition towards in-house corporate R&D and away from R&D in government laboratories, which is explained by the laboratories' lack of market orientation and manufacturing experience. According to cross-section studies of corporate R&D, larger companies aim towards larger technological advances and take a longer view; but the overall composition of corporate R&D shows no discernible change. This apparent inconsistency is explained by the development of the technology market. Much R&D was triggered off by the need for import replacement arising from import controls till 1965 and later by the need for product diversification in the recession. But construction of new plants and mechanization for speeding up operations, activities where sustained R&D can yield large firms a steady flow of innovations, were unimportant or infrequent, and the demand for technology they gave rise to was largely met by imports. 相似文献
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Vandana Dixit Ashok V. Kurup A K Gupta O M Kataria G B K S Prasad 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1997,12(1):39-43
Lymphatic filariasis caused byWuchereria bancrofti is a major health problem next only to malaria. A study had been conducted to estimate the prevalence of microfilaraemia in a rural endemic community near Raipur. The incidence of microfilaramia in the community was found to be about 14% when studied by night finger prick method. The incidence appears to be more in males as compared to females. The infection rate in vector population i.e.,Culex quinquefasciatus was recorded at a rate of 10%. No relationship could be drawn between the rates of vector and human filarial infections or between the density of vector population and the rate of vector/human infection(s). Prior health education is essential before taking up control and preventive measures in given endemic zone. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Cay (1771–1831), the grandmother of the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), was a talented amateur pastellist; several of her pastel portraits survive as does her set of pastels. She studied with Archibald Skirving (1749–1819), a Scottish miniature painter who later in life turned to larger-scale portraiture in pastel and served as drawing master to the Edinburgh elite. Cay's pastels are not fabricated sticks but consist of powdered pigment housed in various glass and ceramic containers and were apparently applied by stumps, still in her workbox, or brushes. The Cay color samples were identified by spectrographic analysis, polarized light microscopy, and microchemical tests which, in addition, indicated that a number of pigment mixtures present gave specific hues in keeping with earlier treatise accounts of the preparation of a pastel gamut for practical use. Elizabeth Cay's pastel workbox may be rare surviving evidence of one way, more common that we appreciate today, in which amateurs, and perhaps professionals, practiced pastel painting. 相似文献
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It has long been recognised in policy discussion that the influence of new ideas depends not just on their generation but also on the way in which they diffuse through society. However, while the spread of new ideas in industry has been much studied, there are no similar quantitative studies on diffusion within the academy. This paper addresses that gap by providing quantitative evidence on the adoption of two techniques for empirically testing hypotheses in economics. On the basis of this evidence, and contrary to a common expectation, the spread of ideas seems neither straightforward nor especially rapid in the academy. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION The physics of plastic deformation and crack propagation at atomic level is complex but is essential for the development of new materials. This requires an understanding of the atomic level phenomena associated with the plastic deformation. In this con- text, emission of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) during plastic deformation and crack propagation in metals and alloys, and generation of transient mag- netic fields during crack initiation in ferromagnetic materials are rep… 相似文献
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M. Masoom Raza Ashok Kumar Upadhyay 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):170-179
AbstractThis article presents a study that seeks to examine the usage of e-journals by the researchers at Aligarh Muslim University. The survey reveals that all the researchers are aware of e-journals in AMU. From this survey, the investigator has been able to find out that many research scholars are consulting e-journals from their departmental labs and computer centers, not only for research purposes but also to update their own knowledge. However, the study also revealed several problems, including lack of training and slow downloading. The researchers’ feelings about the need for print journals as well as electronic journals are also discussed. 相似文献
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Hemant Kumar Ashok Kumar Poonam Kumari N. B. Tulsani 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2000,15(2):124-127
We have developed a biostrip for determination of urea in serum. The test strip is based on enzymatic assay where urease has
been immobilized on the chromatographic paper along with chromogen, phenol red. The chromogen is easily soluble in water and
does not require other components for the color change. Serum urea reacts with urease and water to liberate ammonia and carbon
dioxide. The liberated ammonia changes the pH of the reaction medium, which is monitored by the chromogen phenol red. A single
step working reagent strip has been developed and the reaction is completed within 50 seconds at room temperature. With this
test strip urea concentration is measured in serum as low as 0.15 g/L. The speed and convenience of determining urea in serum
by this strip instantly makes it well suited for individuals, physicians and emergency centres. 相似文献
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Ashok Ambastha 《Resonance》1998,3(3):18-31
Recent developments in solar seismology have enabled us to observe and analyse the vibrations of the sun, and help to probe its hidden interior. Understanding the sun’s internal structure and dynamics promises to test and expand our knowledge of physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Seismic sounding of the sun has begun to shed light on its hidden internal anatomy. 相似文献