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Bielik Tom Fonio Ehud Feinerman Ofer Duncan Ravit Golan Levy Sharona T. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2021,30(1):40-57
Journal of Science Education and Technology - Complex systems are made up of many entities, whose interactions emerge into distinct collective patterns. Computational modeling platforms can provide... 相似文献
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Agricultural research is mostly a public undertaking. In Israel, as in many other countries, farmers participate in the finance of research through taxes imposed by farm organizations on the marketed products. Farmers contribution ranges from 8% of research outlay in tomatoes to 79% in cotton. Strength of organization and ease of collection were the major factors affecting this share. In general, as inflation eroded the real value of government's finance, the farmers increased their share.Representatives of farmers' organization participate in the bodies that approve grants to proposed research projects. It was found that the higher the share of farmers' finance the larger the part of short-term research directed at immediate outcomes and the smaller the part of long-term, more basic research.The tendency of the farmers to prefer short-term, applicable research may reflect both their familiarity with practical problems and a comparatively high degree of risk aversion.It is not clear how farmers' participation in the direction of research, which is based on their financial contribution, affects the efficiency of resource allocation to the agricultural sciences. 相似文献
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Ehud Jungwirth 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(2):103-115
In today's science curricula, especially the Science‐Technology‐Society (STS) approach, ‘process skills’, including aspects of critical thinking and logical analysis, are heavily stressed. Many studies—globally‐‐have shown serious deficiencies in secondary schools, and also in (student‐) teacher populations. The question arose whether, and to what extent, science teachers critically and spontaneously attend to the logical structure of situations, do so only after prompting, or completely fail to do so. The ‘Analysis of Scientific Passages Test’ (ASPT) was constructed to ascertain whether respondents would spontaneously identify invalid conclusions as the common denominator of logically isomorphous situations, would do so only after being informed that the conclusions were invalid and be able to give reasons for this fact, or would be unable to do so at all. The test was administered to 76 practising science teachers attending an STS summer course at a major university in the mid‐western USA. Zero scores were obtained by 13% in the test, 17% obtained full scores, the rest occupied transitional positions; but no less than 51% did not attend to the logical structure and conclusions of the situations without being told to do so. The findings‐‐in line with previous ones on similar aspects of ‘process skills’ by this and other authors‐‐were interpreted to represent serious shortcomings in science teachers' pre‐ and inservice education, leading to their failure to allocate the same emphases and priorities to their teaching activities as one might expect them to do considering curricular demands and expectations. 相似文献
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Ehud Jungwirth 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):571-579
A free‐association approach was used to identify the connotative meanings of the concept ‘development’ in respondents' cognitive structure. The study was carried out at three levels in schools (6th, 9th and 11th grades) and in comparison with groups of student‐teachers and teachers of biology. Analyses of subjects' association‐spectrum revealed a paucity of multi‐contextuality, indicating a non‐inclusive concept‐formation. The great majority of subjects' associations referred to biology only. This was especially so in first (when compared with residual) associations. A very large proportion of subjects did not differentiate between the concepts of ‘development’ and ‘growth’. Most biological associations of ‘development’ referred to ontogeny, with very few phylogenetical associations. 相似文献
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A three‐way comparison of teacher‐college entrants’ and graduating students’ views in Israel (both Jews and Arabs) and their counterparts on the West Bank was undertaken in order to diagnose subjects’ image of science and of science teaching. The questionnaire used permitted the gathering of subjects’ normative views as well as the application of these views in actual classroom science‐lesson planning. It was found that college entrants’ views of the Jewish subjects differed sharply from those of both Arab samples in all areas tested. While there was no difference between Israeli Arabs and their counterparts on the West Bank on matters concerning in‐school and in‐classroom affairs, the Israeli Arab subjects’ views about science and science‐teaching were midway between those of the Jewish subjects and the West Bank subjects. As to the graduating subjects’ normative opinions, no significant difference was found between Jewish and Arab Israeli subjects, with both these samples differing significantly from their West Bank counterparts. An identical situation for both the entrants and the graduating students pertained to actual lesson‐planning. The findings were interpreted to mean that:
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Arab science education in Israeli schools is at present in a transition period, tending to move away from traditional and towards ‘Western’ approaches.
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Three years of college education had been instrumental in eliminating the previously existing discrepancies between prospective science teachers in the Jewish and Arab sectors of Israel, and to widen the gulf between Israeli Arabs’ and West Bankers’ normative stances as to ‘what science teaching is supposed to be’.
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The essence of research in the behavioral sciences is to help in forming theories that will enhance understanding of behavior. In this study an attempt is made to construct such a theory of students' perceptions of their teachers' instructional behaviors and to verify it by empirical evidence. Guttman's definition of a theory was adopted here: “An hypothesis of a correspondence between a definitional system for a universe of observation and an aspect of the empirical structure of those observations, together with a rationale for such an hypothesis” (Shye, 1978). Data was collected through a questionnaire administered to two thousand highschool students. Facet design and smallest space analysis (SSA) were used to construct a theory that was then verified by empirical evidence. The results are consistent with previous studies done by Bar-On (Bar-On & Perlberg, 1976; Klinging & Bar-On, 1975) which employed also facet design and smallest space analysis. 相似文献
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Ehud Jungwirth 《科学教学研究杂志》1983,20(6):511-519
If the same constructs embedded in different tests result in parallel or identical score patterns and high intercorrelations, this can be taken as evidence of construct validity. If results do not converge across instruments and/or response formats, this can be taken as evidence of lack of construct validity and/or impurity of the test as indicator of the constructs. In this study two response formats as well as a request for reasons-for-choices of the traditional Cognitive Preference Test (CPT), and an association (open-ended) CPT, were used in order to test for consistency across methods of observation on both the individual and the populational levels. Convergence of results was found to be minimal. None of the hypotheses was confirmed. It was concluded that construct validation of CPT constructs had not yet reached the state of unequivocality necessary for their application in curriculum research. 相似文献
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Ehud Jungwirth 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):417-425
Summaries English Cognitive‐preference measurements have in recent years become a major research area, with particular reference to curriculum evaluation work. Several questions concerning the nature of cognitive preferences and their measurement have so far remained unsolved. The author indentifies and discusses some of these in this article. 相似文献