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加拿大英语除了具有鲜明的创新性特点以外,其保守性特点也很突出。18世纪末英国殖民者将当时的英语带到北美。随着时代的变迁,英语在祖国发生了变化,但大洋彼岸因种种因素没有发生同样的变化。因此在今天的加拿大英语中却仍可寻到昔日英国英语的痕迹。这在语音、词汇和语法方面均有体现。加拿大英语保守性特点的成因主要有语言接触因素、社会因素和移民源的心理因素。通过对加拿大英语保守性特点及其成因的分析,有助于英语的学习与传播。 相似文献
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Home advantage in team games is well proven and the influence of the crowd upon officials' decisions has been identified as a plausible cause. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of home advantage for five event groups selected from the Summer Olympic Games between 1896 and 1996, and put home advantage in team games in context with other sports. The five event groups were athletics and weightlifting (predominantly objectively judged), boxing and gymnastics (predominantly subjectively judged) and team games (involving subjective decisions). The proportion of points won was analysed as a binomial response variable using generalized linear interactive modelling. Preliminary exploration of the data highlighted the need to control for the proportion of competitors entered and to split the analysis pre- and post-war. Highly significant home advantage was found in event groups that were either subjectively judged or rely on subjective decisions. In contrast, little or no home advantage (and even away advantage) was observed for the two objectively judged groups. Officiating system was vital to both the existence and extent of home advantage. Our findings suggest that crowd noise has a greater influence upon officials' decisions than players' performances, as events with greater officiating input enjoyed significantly greater home advantage. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: This paper describes two studies aimed at validating the Chilean version of Child Abuse Potential (CAP). The paper also discusses problems in what respects conceptualizing and detecting maltreatment within a process of research as it relates to a specific culture. METHOD: An instrument based on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory was administered to two different samples of 134 people and 280 people, respectively. Both studies are contrasted in terms of internal consistency, factor analysis, and the instrument's ability to discriminate between abusers and non-abusers. RESULTS: Both studies feature good internal consistency (.98 and .95) and a factor structure similar to that of the original instrument; however, the second study shows problems concerning correct subject classification. The contrast of both studies suggests that the instrument is suitable for discriminating between severe child physical abuse and very well-treated children. The indecision area of classification is 67%. CONCLUSION: The results of both studies highlight the need to conceptualize and operationalize child abuse within a specific cultural context. The distinction between abusers and non-abusers becomes more blurred in the less extreme cases. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: Adaptation of the Multidimensional Trauma Recovery and Resilience (MTRR) in a Chilean sample. METHOD: Participants were 80 mothers drawn from two large metropolitan areas (Santiago and Temuco). Sample participants (in a case control design) were redivided in two groups: 40 mothers identified as physical abusers with history of physical child abuse and 40 mothers identified as nonabusers with history of physical child abuse. Groups were matched on 5 sociodemographic variables. Reliability analysis, item analysis, and group comparisons on the 8 scales of the instrument were performed. RESULTS: Interrater agreement level was .79 (Kendall's W coefficient) and the internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .75. Twenty-five items (26.3%) significantly discriminated between the groups. Group comparison tests (Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test) also indicated that six of the eight domains discriminated between the groups. CONCLUSION: In our sample, the instrument has reliable results which discriminate between the studied groups. These preliminary findings support future work toward the development of a Chilean version of this instrument. 相似文献
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Dr. Max Maddock AM 《Research in Science Education》1992,22(1):415-416
Specializations: science and environmental education, biology of herons. 相似文献
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Research was undertaken to evaluate whether and to what extent the health‐related domains, including sexuality education, specified by the Development of Health Awareness in Adolescent Project Science Committee overlapped with the goals and objectives of the 2002/03 elementary school curricula (grades one to eight; ages 7–14 years) in Turkey. For this aim, the goals and objectives of the courses in the curricula that include health‐related and sexuality‐related subjects were compared by the seven domains with a total of 230 subcategories. The analysis demonstrated that 147 of the 230 subcategories matched the goals and objectives of the curricula with the highest frequencies in the domains of physical development, protection from detrimental‐external factors and healthy living habits. However, the domain of healthy beginning to life was found to have the lowest frequency. Moreover, subcategories such as pregnancy–birth, unintended pregnancy, sexual identity, changes in adolescence, sexual violence and abuse, birth control and sexual discrimination were not covered at all. These results are discussed in relation to the missing points that might have implications for policy and practice in health and sexuality education in Turkey. 相似文献
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There have been many examples of contentious points decisions in boxing. Professional boxing is scored subjectively by judges and referees scoring each round of the contest. We assessed whether the probability of a home win (and therefore home advantage) increased when bouts were decided by points decisions rather than knockouts. Overall, we found that bouts ending in points decisions had a significantly higher proportion of home wins than those decided by a knockout, though this effect varied across time, and controlling for relative quality of boxers was only effective when using more recent data. Focusing on these data, again the probability of a home win was higher with a points decision and this effect was consistent as “relative quality” varied. For equally matched boxers (“relative quality” = 0), expected probability of a home win was 0.57 for knockouts, 0.66 for technical knockouts and 0.74 for points decisions. The results of the present study lend general support to the notion that home advantage is more prevalent in sports that involve subjective decision-making. We suggest that interventions should be designed to inform judges to counter home advantage effects. 相似文献
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