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1.
Kubicek CP Komon-Zelazowska M Druzhinina IS 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(10):753-763
Hypocrea/Trichoderma is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immuno-compromised humans and animals, while others can cause damage to cultivated mushroom. With the recent advent of a reliable, BarCode-aided identification system for all known taxa of Trichoderma and Hypocrea, it became now possible to study some of the biological fundamentals of the diversity in this fungal genus in more detail. In this article, we will therefore review recent progress in (1) the understanding of the geographic distribution of individual taxa; (2) mechanisms of speciation leading to development of mushroom diseases and facultative human mycoses; and (3) the possible correlation of specific traits of secondary metabolism and molecular phylogeny. 相似文献
2.
Bibliometric maps of field of science 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Irina Marshakova-Shaikevich 《Information processing & management》2005,41(6):1534-1547
The present paper is devoted to two directions in algorithmic classificatory procedures: the journal co-citation analysis as an example of citation networks and lexical analysis of keywords in the titles and texts. What is common to those approaches is the general idea of normalization of deviations of the observed data from the mathematical expectation. The application of the same formula leads to discovery of statistically significant links between objects (journals in one case, keywords — in the other). The results of the journal co-citation analysis are reflected in tables and map for field “Women’s Studies” and for field “Information Science and Library Science”. An experimental attempt at establishing textual links between words was carried out on two samples from SSCI Data base: (1) EDUCATION and (2) ETHICS. The EDUCATION file included 2180 documents (of which 751 had abstracts); the ETHICS file included 807 documents (289 abstracts). Some examples of the results of this pilot study are given in tabular form . The binary links between words discovered in this way may form triplets or other groups with more than two member words. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents an approach aimed at creating business ontologies for knowledge codification in company. It is based on the principles of ontological engineering and cognitive psychology. Ontologies that describe the main concepts of knowledge are used both for knowledge creation and codification. The proposed framework is targeted at the development of methodologies that can scaffold the process of knowledge structuring and orchestrating for better understanding and knowledge sharing. The orchestrating procedure is the kernel of ontology development. The main stress is put on using visual techniques of mind mapping. Cognitive bias and some results of Gestalt psychology are highlighted as a general guideline. The ideas of balance, clarity, and beauty are applied to the ontology orchestrating procedures. The examples are taken mainly from the project management practice. The paper contributes to managerial practice by describing the practical recommendations for effective knowledge management based on ontology engineering and knowledge structuring techniques. 相似文献
4.
Irina Mchitarjan 《比较教育学》2015,51(3):419-445
This article reports a historical case study of extensive educational transfer: the reception, adaptation, and use of German progressive education and German school reform ideas and practices in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. The reception of German educational ideas greatly enriched the theory and practice of the Russian school reform, contributed to the dissemination of progressive education ideas among the educationally interested public (teachers and parents), and contributed significantly to the development of an official plan for a comprehensive progressive educational school reform in pre-socialist Russia. Based on the findings of this and similar case studies, some general conclusions concerning the regularities of educational transfer processes – their presuppositions and motives, their contents and forms, and their functions for the recipients – are drawn, ending with a proposal for the development of an action-theoretical model of educational transfer processes. 相似文献
5.
Irina Tsybina Luigi E. Girolametto Elaine Weitzman Janice Greenberg 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2006,34(2):177-185
This study examined linguistic recasts provided by 16 early childhood educators to preschool children learning English as a second language (EL2). Recasts are semantic and syntactic revisions of children’s utterances. The educator–child interactions were filmed during book reading and play dough activities with small groups of four children, one of whom was EL2. The EL2 children were rated by their educators as having less well-developed expressive language skills than their unilingual peers. However, despite this finding, educators provided similar rates of recasts to both groups of children. Eight EL2 children with the lowest expressive language skills demonstrated fewer uptakes of their educator’s recasts in comparison to EL2 children with higher expressive language skills. The implications of this study include increasing the rate of recasts and reducing their complexity to provide language-learning opportunities for all preschool children, especially for those learning English as a second language. 相似文献
6.
Irina Burchard Erdvik Tommy Haugen Andreas Ivarsson Reidar Säfvenbom 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2020,64(5):768-781
ABSTRACT Global self-worth is important for healthy development and learning, and is therefore highlighted as a major aim in the Norwegian physical education (PE) curriculum. Based on prior research this study aimed to assess potential differences in global self-worth and contextual basic need satisfaction among 2854 adolescents (47.5% boys, 52.5% girls, ages 13 and 16) participating in different movement contexts, and to determine whether basic need satisfaction in PE relates to global self-worth. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate that basic need satisfaction in PE relates significantly to global self-worth. However, adolescents who do not participate in movement contexts outside school report significantly lower basic need satisfaction in PE compared to their sports-active peers, and could possibly therefore experience reduced global self-worth development through PE. Findings support research showing that sports active youth reap most of the bene?ts of PE, and thus, that PE violates the principles of equal education. 相似文献
7.
IrinaA.Andreeva Vyacheslav I.Kovalenko Vladimir B.Naumov 《中国科技期刊研究》2007,23(1):73-82
Crystalline and melt inclusions were studied in garnet, diopside, potassium feldspar, and sphene from the garnet syenite porphyry of the carbonatite-bearing complex Mushugai-Khuduk, southern Mongolia. Phlogopite, clinopyroxene, albite, potassium feldspar, sphene, wollastonite, magnetite, Ca and Sr sulfates, fluorite, and apatite were identified among the crystalline inclusions. The melt inclusions were homogenized at 1010℃～1080℃ and analyzed on an electron microprobe. Silicate, salt, and combined silicate-salt melt inclusions were found. Silicate melts show considerable variations in SiO2 concentration （56 to 66wt% ）, high Na2O ＋ K20 （up to 17wt% ）, and elevated Zr, F, and Cl contents. In terms of bulk rock chemistry, the silicate melts are alkali syenites. During thermometric experiments, salt melt inclusions quenched into homogeneous glasses of predominantly sulfate compositions containing no more than 1.3wt% SiO2. These melts are enriched in alkalis, Ba, Sr, P, F, and Cl. The investigation of the silicate and salt melt inclusions in minerals of the garnet syenite porphyries indicate that these rocks were formed under influence of the processes of crystallization differentiation and magma separation into immiscible silicate and salt （sulfate）liquids. 相似文献
8.
This paper reflects the current state in Russian education which has a strong correlation with the socio-economic crisis.
The responsibilities for education are held partially by the state and partly by other social institutions and as a whole,
all of them form the system of education. There is a rather wide set of laws, decree statements, and rules about education
in Russia, but they currently are far removed from practical realization. The situation with financing educators, schools,
and universities is very critical at present in Russia. The idea of differentiation and democratization in School Reform has
had both positive and negative effects. To rescue the Russian system of education from a crisis, a strong state policy in
education and a strong system of implementation are required.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Paul Kim Teresita Hagashi Laura Carillo Irina Gonzales Tamas Makany Bommi Lee Alberto Gàrate 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(4):465-486
Mobile devices are highly portable, easily distributable, substantially affordable, and have the potential to be pedagogically
complementary resources in education. This study, incorporating mixed method analyses, discusses the implications of a mobile
learning technology-based learning model in two public primary schools near the Mexico-USA border in the state of Baja California,
Mexico. One school was located in an urban slum and the other in a rural village community. Empirical and ethnographic data
were collected through a series of achievement tests, observations, surveys, and interviews involving 160 s grade school children
recruited by convenience sampling. The general technology infrastructure, distinctive features of mobile learning to supplement
literacy development, profound contextual phenomena arising from the two uniquely underserved communities, and social factors
possibly influencing the educational experiences are discussed. The findings suggest that students in the rural village, seriously
lacking educational resources and technology exposure, may have benefited substantially more from mobile technologies than
urban school students possibly due to their relatively higher socio-economic status and higher parental involvement and interest
in education. In contrast, there was no evidence of interaction with parental education levels, the experience of teachers
or school principals, or the teacher’s perception or preparation of the technology. Overall, the mobile learning technology
adoption was rapid, seamless, and actively driven by the students rather than the teacher. The challenges of the phenomenal
migratory nature of most families in this unique geographical region are also discussed to benefit future studies. 相似文献
10.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual and auditory concurrent models on the acquisition of a rhythmical synchronization task. Subjects attempted to synchronize a series of dance steps to the beat of two auditory rhythms. Subjects performed five trial blocks in one of four practice conditions: (a) audio-visual (auditory rhythms combined with a visual model), (b) audio-auditory (auditory rhythms combined with an auditory model), (c) auditory only (auditory rhythms with no model), and (d) visual only (no auditory rhythms but exposure to a visual model). Rhythmical timing and synchronization accuracy served as the dependent variables. Results revealed no practice condition learning differences for rhythmical timing. For synchronization accuracy, the audio-auditory group produced significantly lower error scores at acquisition, but no differences were found at retention. Apparently, the availability of models created an information dependency that resulted in a decrease of performance and, consequently, no group differences in retention. 相似文献