Does maternal employment influence poor children’s social development?     

Bruce Fuller  Gretchen Caspary  Sharon Lynn Kagan  Christiane Gauthier  Danny Shih-Cheng Huang  Judith Carroll  Jan McCarthy 《Early childhood research quarterly》2002,17(4):240

Various initiatives over the past 40 years have aimed to strengthen children’s early learning and social development. One policy theory—manifest in recent welfare reforms—postulates that requiring single mothers to work more outside the home will advance children’s well-being. We first examine whether young children’s social development is related to maternal employment among 405 women who entered welfare-to-work programs in 1998. For girls, age 24–42 months, we found that their mother’s recent employment duration was significantly associated with a lower incidence of aggressive behavior and inattentiveness, measured by two scales from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 2/3). Yet these relationships with employment were weaker than more robust associations observed for proximal child-rearing practices, including the frequency of reading with the child, enforcing a regular bedtime, the propensity to spank the child, as well as levels of maternal depression. We then assess whether broader measures of the mother’s economic security help to predict these proximal determinants of development. We observed that food security and indicators of job quality consistently predicted the proximal factors. Structural equation models (SEM) provided additional evidence that these broader indicators of economic security, but not recent employment per se, operated through parenting practices and maternal depression to influence girls’ and boys’ social development. These results are consistent with recent findings from random-assignment experiments, showing that employment gains rarely affect child outcomes unless mothers’ income and broader economic security also improve.  相似文献   

Yale University: Testing the limits     

Donald Kagan 《Academic Questions》1991,4(1):31-37

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Reaction To Whitely-Jakubowski Article     

Norman Kagan 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1970,10(1):94-95

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游戏乌托邦     

Shelly Kagan 《大学生》2013,(Z1):110

正我们许多人的理想目标和理想人生都最终会与谋生相关。我想努力学习,为了考上好大学,找个好工作,有房有车,事业有成。但是思考一下:如果,人们不需要工作呢?如果把谋生去除在理想之外呢?如果世界上有这样一个理想的国度,与柏拉图的乌托邦不同,在那里,每个人都不必工作。工人不必做工,只要打个响指任务就会自动完成;学生不必学习,只要吃下药片就能获得相应的知识和技能;科学家、哲学家也不必思考,因为所有的科学问题和哲学问题都被解决了。  相似文献   

Planfulness and recognition memory     

B Rogoff  N Newcombe  J Kagan 《Child development》1974,45(4):972-977

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In Defense of Qualitative Changes in Development     

Jerome Kagan 《Child development》2008,79(6):1606-1624

The balance between the preservation of early cognitive functions and serious transformations on these functions shifts across time. Piaget’s writings, which favored transformations, are being replaced by writings that emphasize continuities between select cognitive functions of infants and older children. The claim that young infants possess elements present in the older child’s concepts of number, physical impossibility, and object permanence is vulnerable to criticism because the inferences are based primarily on the single measure of change in looking time. It is suggested that investigators use unique constructs to describe phenomena observed in young infants that appear, on the surface, to resemble the psychological competences observed during later developmental stages.  相似文献   

From trade to profession: surgical education in eighteenth-century Spain     

Kagan RL 《History of education quarterly》1978,18(2):195-200

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Temperament and the Reactions to Unfamiliarity   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

Jerome Kagan 《Child development》1997,68(1):139-143

The begavioral reaction to unfamiliar events are basic pheomena in all vertebrates, Four month-old injants who show a low threshold to become distressed and motorically aroused to unfamiliar stimuli are likely than others to become fearful and subdued during early childhood, whereas infants who show a high arousal threshold are more likely to become bold and sociable. After presenting some developmental correlates and thrajectories of these 2 temperamental biases, I consider their implication for psychopathology and the relation between propositions containing psychological and biological concepts.  相似文献   

Evaluating an individualised reading programme     

Dona M. Kagan 《Journal of Research in Reading》1988,11(1):15-25

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Temperament, Emotion, and Cognition at Fourteen Months: The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study     

Robert N. Emde  Robert Plomin  JoAnn Robinson  Robin Corley  John DeFries  David W. Fulker  J. Steven Reznick  Joseph Campos  Jerome Kagan  Carolyn Zahn-Waxler 《Child development》1992,63(6):1437-1455

200 pairs of twins were assessed at 14 months of age in the laboratory and home. Measures were obtained of temperament, emotion, and cognition/language. Comparisons between identical and fraternal twin correlations suggest that individual differences are due in part to heritable influences. For temperament, genetic influence was significant for behavioral observations of inhibition to the unfamiliar, tester ratings of activity, and parental ratings of temperament. For emotion, significant genetic influence was found for empathy and parental ratings of negative emotion. The estimate of heritability for parental report of expression of negative emotions was relatively high, whereas that for expression of positive emotions was low, a finding consistent with previous research. For cognition and language, genetic influence was significant for behavioral indices of spatial memory, categorization, and word comprehension. Shared rearing environment appears influential for parental reports of language and for positive emotions, but not for other measures of emotion or for temperament.  相似文献