Exploratory Behavior, Task Persistence, and Problem-Solving Ability Across the Second Year of Life     

David Caruso 《Early education and development》1990,1(5):354-370

The present study focuses on individual differences in specific qualitative aspects of infants' exploratory behavior, task persistence, and problem-solving ability. Longitudinal questions concern the stability of these behaviors across the second year of life and the relationship between early exploration and task persistence and later problem- solving ability. Twenty-nine infants were observed at 12 months and again at 26 to 28 months of age. Behavior was observed on two exploratory and two problem-solving tasks, and a wide range of individual differences was found. The longitudinal results suggest stability between one and two years of age in terms of the cognitive sophistication of behavior rather than in correlations between identical index behaviors. Longitudinal stability was not found for task persistence. Also, infants who used more different schemes to explore at one year were found to be more successful and sophisticated in problem solving at age two. It is concluded that the quality and range of behaviors used during exploration have important developmental significance, rather than the use of any specific behavior, or persistent behavior, regardless of the degree of sophistication.  相似文献   

The Brazilian experience with agroecological extension: a critical analysis of reform in a pluralistic extension system     

Vivien Diesel  Marcelo Miná Dias 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2016,22(5):415-433

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To analyze the Brazilian experience in designing and implementing a recent extension policy reform based on agroecology, and reflect on its wider theoretical implications for extension reform literature. Design/methodology/approach: Using a critical public analysis we characterize the evolution of Brazilian federal extension policy between 2004 and 2015, using political and legal documents as well as recent academic studies for policy frame characterization and implementation analysis. Findings: The case reveals the difficulty of implementing an agroecological extension approach as part of the endogenous development proposal expressed in 2004 PNATER. The agroecological proposal tended to be impaired by a more general demand for diverse public policy programs implementation, facing a series of institutional constraints. A policy reframing process led to a search for alternatives to make it compatible with a federal centralization trend and public administration rules, resulting in a contracting out emphasis. Theoretical implications: The study shows the political economy aspects of extension reform, and how original plans are influenced by path dependence and different and contrasting demands. Practical implications: The study points to the importance of considering political and institutional environments in extension reforms, and indicates a necessity for additional reflection about strategies for scaling up proposals for agroecological and sustainability oriented extension. Originality/value: Few studies are dedicated to understanding the political economy of extension reform, and reform of Brazilian rural extension systems.  相似文献   

Design of a fast real-time LPV model predictive control system for semi-active suspension control of a full vehicle     

Marcelo Menezes Morato  Manh Quan Nguyen  Olivier Sename  Luc Dugard 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(3):1196-1224

This article is concerned with the control of a Semi-Active suspension system of a 7DOF Full Vehicle model, equipped with four Electro Rheological (ER) dampers, taking into account their incipient dissipativity constraints. Herein, a real-time, fast, advanced control structure is presented within the Model Predictive Control framework for Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems. The control algorithm is developed to provide a suitable trade-off between comfort and handling performances of the vehicle in a very limited sampling period ($T_s=5\text{ms}$), in view of a possible realtime implementation on a real vehicle. The control structure is tested and compared to other standard fast control approaches. Full nonlinear realistic simulation results illustrate the overall good operation and behaviour of the proposed control approach.  相似文献   

Quality flaw prediction in Spanish Wikipedia: A case of study with verifiability flaws     

Edgardo Ferretti  Leticia Cagnina  Viviana Paiz  Sebastián Delle Donne  Rodrigo Zacagnini  Marcelo Errecalde 《Information processing & management》2018,54(6):1169-1181

In this work, we present the first quality flaw prediction study for articles containing the two most frequent verifiability flaws in Spanish Wikipedia: articles which do not cite any references or sources at all (denominated Unreferenced) and articles that need additional citations for verification (so-called Refimprove). Based on the underlying characteristics of each flaw, different state-of-the-art approaches were evaluated. For articles not citing any references, a well-established rule-based approach was evaluated and interesting findings show that some of them suffer from Refimprove flaw instead. Likewise, for articles that need additional citations for verification, the well-known PU learning and one-class classification approaches were evaluated. Besides, new methods were compared and a new feature was also proposed to model this latter flaw. The results showed that new methods such as under-bagged decision trees with sum or majority voting rules, biased-SVM, and centroid-based balanced SVM, perform best in comparison with the ones previously published.  相似文献   

Effects of audiovisual stimuli on psychological and psychophysiological responses during exercise in adults with obesity     

Marcelo Bigliassi  João P. A. Greca  Vinícius Barreto-Silva  Priscila Chierotti  Arli R. de Oliveira  Leandro R. Altimari 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(5):525-536

The present experiment sought to further understanding of the effects of personalised audiovisual stimuli on psychological and psychophysiological responses during exercise in adults with obesity. Twenty-four participants (M_age = 28.3, SD = 5.5 years; M_BMI = 32.2, SD = 2.4) engaged in self-paced exercises on a recumbent cycle ergometer and three conditions (sensory stimulation [ST], sensory deprivation [DE], and control [CO]) were administered. Perceptual (attentional focus and perceived exertion), affective (affective state and perceived activation), and psychophysiological (heart rate variability) parameters were monitored throughout the exercise bouts. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare self-reported and psychophysiological variables (main and interaction effects [5 Timepoints × 3 Conditions]). The results indicate that ST increased the use of dissociative thoughts throughout the exercise session (η_p² = .19), ameliorated fatigue-related symptoms (η_p² = .15) and elicited more positive affective responses (η_p² = .12) than CO and DE. Accordingly, personally-compiled videos are highly effective in ameliorating exertional responses and enhancing affective valence during self-paced exercise in adults with obesity. Audiovisual stimuli could be used during the most critical periods of the exercise regimen (e.g., first training sessions) when individuals with obesity are more likely to focus on fatigue-related sensations.  相似文献   

Analysis of integrated STATCOM-SMES based on three-phase three-level multi-pulse voltage source inverter for high power utility applications     

Marcelo G. Molina  Pedro E. Mercado 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2011,348(9):2350-2377

This paper is aimed to investigate the operating characteristics of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) integrated with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for high power applications in the transmission network level. The STATCOM controller topology comprises multi-level multi-pulse neutral-point clamped-type (NPC) voltage source inverters (VSIs) using the harmonics cancellation technique, and incorporates a SMES coil. An innovative two-quadrant multi-level dc-dc converter is proposed to effectively interface the STATCOM with the superconducting coil using a buck-boost topology with neutral point voltage control capabilities; thus enabling to simultaneously control both active and reactive power exchange with the high voltage power system. A detailed analysis of major system variables is presented, including analytical results and digital simulations using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Moreover, a three-level control scheme is designed, including a full decoupled current control strategy in the d-q reference frame with a novel controller to prevent the STATCOM dc bus capacitors voltage drift/imbalance and an enhanced power system frequency controller.  相似文献   

The effects of accountability on higher education     

Marcelo Rezende 《Economics of Education Review》2010

This paper analyzes the effects of a higher education accountability system in Brazil. For each discipline, colleges were assigned a grade that depended on the scores of their students on the ENC, an annual mandatory exam. These grades were then disclosed to the public and colleges were rewarded or penalized based on them. I find that the ENC had a positive effect on the education and the proportion of full-time faculty and that it increased the number of vacancies offered, applicants and enrollments. Colleges were affected differently depending on grades, ownership and academic organization, changing the distribution of students among them.  相似文献   

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in professional women football players: a randomized sham-controlled trial     

Bruno Archiza  Daniela Kuguimoto Andaku  Flávia Cristina Rossi Caruso  José Carlos Bonjorno Jr.  Cláudio Ricardo de Oliveira  Paula Angélica Ricci 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):771-780

This study was conducted to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation during a maximal exercise tolerance test and on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance in professional women football players. Eighteen athletes were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (n = 8) or IMT (n = 10). After a maximal incremental exercise test, all participants performed (on a different day) a time-to-exhaustion (Tlim) test. Peripheral and respiratory muscles oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, breath-by-breath ventilatory and metabolic variables, and blood lactate concentration were measured. The RSA test was performed on a grass field. After a 6 week intervention, all athletes were reevaluated. Both groups showed increases in inspiratory muscles strength, exercise tolerance and RSA performance, however only the IMT group presented lower deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on intercostal muscles concomitantly to an increased oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on vastus lateralis muscle during Tlim. In conclusion, these results may indicate the potential role of IMT to attenuate inspiratory muscles metaboreflex and consequently improve oxygen and blood supply to limb muscles during high-intensity exercise, with a potential impact on inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and sprints performance in professional women football players.  相似文献   

Within,between, above,and beyond: (Pre)positions for a history of the internationalisation of educational practices and knowledge     

Marcelo Caruso 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2014,50(1-2):10-26

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