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Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education
Taro Numano Yoshiyuki Nagata Mariko Ichimi Abumiya 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2002,1(1-2):35-50
Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country
as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However,
the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have
been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their
childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior,
juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment.
Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and
the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has
adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow
Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic
guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance.
Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational
Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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This paper consists of two parts. The first part reviews how the arguments supporting literacy education have changed over the last five decades. Although there has been a shift in emphasis from economic to socio-cultural and personal dimensions, literacy is still considered mainly as an instrument for economic growth and poverty alleviation. The second part presents a case study of three different establishments which provide reading materials in urban Senegal. The analysis indicates that people are more likely to practise reading when they have access to materials which genuinely interest them. These materials are not necessarily about development or livelihood—themes often judged as ‘appropriate’ for socio-economic growth by policy makers and practitioners. People read stories and history books for their own pleasure – rather than out of a sense of duty – to transcend the mundane routine of their daily lives. This ‘reading for pleasure’ aspect needs to be taken more account of in literacy education. 相似文献
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Mariko Kotani 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2016,45(2):126-144
This study describes speech codes used by Japanese and English speakers in remedying problematic situations. By analyzing in-depth interviews, the study reveals the Japanese-speaking participants’ use of a code in which offering detailed explanations can be a way to deny having caused another person discomfort, thus being incompatible with their meaning of “apology.” The English-speaking participants used a code in which offering and listening to explanations is a way to show that they care about the relationship and to seek forgiveness. The analysis illustrates how the participants used these codes as a resource to draw a boundary between two speech communities. 相似文献
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In this essay we argue that there is an important but frequently overlooked link between Walter Benjamin’s and Julia Kristeva’s attempts to explore new modes of critical practice. What connects Benjamin and Kristeva, in our account, is a vital concern with the cost of critique, that is, with the question whether critical agency in its most productive modes is inherently related to certain forms of ethical violence. We aim to show that, once we read them together, these authors’ pivotal contribution consists of offering an alternative model of critique animated by an ethos of in(ter)-vention, which is keyed to techniques of criticism that are both disruptive and innovative. Ethical violence here refers to a strategic displacement of moral self-perception, which undercuts people’s aspirations toward maintaining a morally robust character in the face of political adversity and social injustice. To illustrate the stakes of such displacement, we turn to the figure of the ‘anti-journalist’ Karl Kraus whose in(ter)ventions display integrity in action rather than integrity of character. Specifically, under the rubric of ethical violence, we propose a dynamic interpretation of Kraus’ performance in terms of polemical witnessing, which combines the corrosive aspects of Benjamin’s ‘destructive character’ with the constructive aspects contained in Kristeva’s notions of ‘sharing singularity’ and ‘intimate revolt’. 相似文献
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Mariko Kotani 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2017,46(5):463-477
Using the ethnography of communication and speech codes theory, this study aims to capture instances in which individuals’ views of appropriate conduct and cultural boundaries are undergoing change in intercultural interactions. The paper proposes a way of describing such instances by illustrating Japanese speakers’ experiences of encountering unfamiliar codes in problematic situations with English speakers in the United States, recognizing boundaries, negotiating contrasting codes, and revising their perceptions of codes and boundaries as a result of engaging in remedial episodes. The study illuminates the dynamic nature of the boundaries of speech communities and adds an ethnographic exploration of intercultural communication. 相似文献
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Mariko Izumi 《Communication Studies》2013,64(5):473-490
Recent scholarship on apology has shifted its critical emphasis from the juridical use of apology as a means of self-defense to the moral value of apology as integral to specific reconciliation processes. This article examines the “comfort women” reparations debate in Japan in the 1990s as symptomatic of this change in how we think about apology and reparations. It illustrates how “comfort women” reparation lawsuits disrupted the symbolic economy of political apology in an inter-Asian political context and, thus, transformed the rhetorical force of apology from a past-oriented to a future-oriented technology of care. 相似文献
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Mariko Mizuno Alexander 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2016,36(3):350-363
While there is a growing presence of trans-Pacific migrant students in the US, relatively little attention has been given to the diversity among them in terms of their everyday experiences and future educational trajectories shaped by different patterns of transnational mobilities and practices. This paper addresses the distinctive educational experiences and needs of transnational Japanese students, temporarily enrolled in US schools accompanying their parents on business appointments from transnational corporations. This institutional ethnographic study examines the strategies that these sojourner students use to negotiate the institutional demands of US high-school life and the way to promote access to tertiary education in Japan. The findings show that, although corporate transnationalism restricts Japanese sojourners' geographical mobility, they still actively construct their futures through the high-stakes strategy of graduating a year early from US high schools. I call this early graduation scheme a gambit because the sojourners sacrifice beneficial opportunities and even risk their graduation itself in the hope of securing a positional advantage upon their return to their home country. The early graduation gambit is analysed through a lens of transnationalism. 相似文献