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The confluence model of intellectual development was estimated for a within-family sample of 321 children from 101 transracial adoptive families. Mental ages of the children and their parents, as well as birth or adoption intervals, were used in a nonlinear least-squares estimation procedure to obtain children's predicted mental ages. Contrary to an earlier report using these data, the confluence model performed quite well, accounting for up to 50% of the variance in mental age. When the relationship between chronological and mental age was taken into account, the predictive power of the model was reduced but not eliminated. The confluence model was also fitted separately to various subsamples. The model generated a good fit to the data from both biological and adopted children and fit the data from early-adopted children much better than the data from later-adopted children. Both findings were taken as evidence that the confluence model provides an environmental account of intellectual development within the family. 相似文献
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Diffusion of innovations research has altered the research trajectories of those in the field of communication. In this article, the authors briefly explore the evolution of diffusion research, in terms of theoretical influences and applied research advances, and then address how the evolution of diffusion of innovations provided the impetus for a communication discipline identity search. An explication of how diffusion of innovations can be viewed as mechanistically affecting media convergence is presented. This piece closes with a call to return to diffusion research, especially given the face of current communication vehicles and media convergence. 相似文献
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Orloff ND Dennis JR Cecchini M Schonbrun E Rocas E Wang Y Novotny D Simmonds RW Moreland J Takeuchi I Booth JC 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(4):44107-441079
We present a 91 MHz surface acoustic wave resonator with integrated microfluidics that includes a flow focus, an expansion region, and a binning region in order to manipulate particle trajectories. We demonstrate the ability to change the position of the acoustic nodes by varying the electronic phase of one of the transducers relative to the other in a pseudo-static manner. The measurements were performed at room temperature with 3 μm diameter latex beads dispersed in a water-based solution. We demonstrate the dependence of nodal position on pseudo-static phase and show simultaneous control of 9 bead streams with spatial control of −0.058 μm/deg ± 0.001 μm/deg. As a consequence of changing the position of bead streams perpendicular to their flow direction, we also show that the integrated acoustic-microfluidic device can be used to change the trajectory of a bead stream towards a selected bin with an angular control of 0.008 deg/deg ± 0.000(2) deg/deg. 相似文献
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The primary purpose of this study was to compare the personality profiles of adults with learning disabilities attending a large state university (8 females, 8 males) to those participating in training programs in a rehabilitation setting (8 females, 18 males), in an attempt to identify affective variables that should be considered in transitional and postsecondary program planning. A secondary purpose of the study was to compare the performance of two groups of adults with learning disabilities (i.e., university and rehabilitation) to a normative group of college students. The mean age for all subjects was between 20 and 23 years. Findings from the study indicated that the personality profiles of individuals with learning disabilities in either a rehabilitation setting or seeking a university degree are significantly different from those of the normative population of normally achieving college students. The rehabilitation group in this study demonstrated feelings of social isolation, poor self-concept, self-doubt, and extreme restlessness. Somewhat different profiles were seen with the university group as they indicated feelings of fear, obsessive thoughts, lack of self-confidence, self-doubt, and extreme self-criticism. Both groups demonstrated profiles of individuals under extreme short- and long-term stress leading to anxiety. The study also reviewed the relevance and appropriateness of using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) that will have direct application for the assessment and intervention of adults with learning disabilities either in a rehabilitation setting or seeking a university degree. 相似文献
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Andrew Parker Haydn Morgan Samaya Farooq Ben Moreland Andy Pitchford 《Sport, Education and Society》2019,24(3):298-310
Numerous sport-based interventions exist which target marginalised or ‘at-risk’ young people with the intention of enabling some form of social change for programme participants. Very often, the objective of such interventions is the acquisition and development of qualities associated with ‘good citizenship’. However, critical scholars have noted how sport-based initiatives are frequently used as a form of social control, focusing on the development of personal responsibility. As such, these initiatives accentuate more passive forms of citizenship, as opposed to more active forms of citizenship towards which many educational policies and programmes are aimed. Nevertheless, there is a limited amount literature which explores the connection between sport-based interventions and citizenship development within marginalised or ‘at-risk’ youth populations. This paper presents findings from a small-scale, qualitative study of one such (football-based) intervention located in a number of inner-city boroughs of London, UK. Placing the accounts of programme participants and staff at the centre of the analysis, the paper: (i) uncovers the practicalities and nuances of football being utilised as a tool for social engagement, and (ii) explores broader notions of personal and behavioural development in relation to the acquisition of citizenship qualities. The paper concludes by suggesting that sporting activity may confer citizenship benefits for young people, but only when integrated into wider programmes of social support and community engagement. 相似文献
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Jeremy L. Moreland Donald F. Dansereau Todd L. Chmielewski 《Contemporary educational psychology》1997,22(4):521-533
The benefits of using a comprehensive annotation strategy (employing underlining/circling, making connections, asking questions, and making comments) with knowledge maps (spatial/verbal arrays) and traditional, linear text to improve free recall scores for learners with individual differences in vocabulary and comprehension ability were examined. Types and frequencies of annotations generated were also examined for each stimulus format condition. Multiple regression analyses indicate that the frequency of use of two component annotation strategies, asking questions and making connections, were significant predictors of recall scores, while frequency of underlining/circling and generating elaborations failed to predict recall scores. Text users generated more underlining/circling, while knowledge map users generated more connections between ideas, suggesting that knowledge maps may facilitate the application of more productive annotation strategies. Also examined were the interrelationships between vocabulary ability, comprehension ability, and free recall scores. 相似文献
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This paper presents the rationale of the Hartford Half Tuition Program at the University of Hartford which enrolls qualified graduates of city high schools. Since its inception four years ago, it has changed the demographics of the institution and been the catalyst for many events, discussions, and interactions that have served as teachable moments for the development of students, staff, and faculty. A critique of key elements of the program leads to the identification of lessons learned.Elizabeth A. McDaniel, Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Hartford, received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Florida, M.S. in Education from Barry University, and a Ph.D. in Education from the University of Miami. She is actively involved in issues relating to curriculum, instruction, and community in higher education. Tamara Moreland, Director of the Office of Graduate and Adult Academic Services at the University of Hartford, earned her B.S. in Economics, and is expected to receive her master's in organizational behavior from the University of Hartford in December 1994. Her interests are organizational design, group dynamics, and the influence of culture on interpersonal relationships. 相似文献
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This paper reports on a two-year classroom investigation of primary school (Years 1–8) technology education. The first year of the project explored emerging classroom practices in technology. In the second year intervention strategies were developed to enhance teaching, learning and assessment practices. Findings from the first year revealed that assessment was often seen in terms of social and managerial aspects, such as teamwork, turn taking and co-operative skills, rather than procedural and conceptual technological aspects. Existing formative interactions with students distorted the learning away from the procedural and conceptual aspects of the subject. The second year explored the development of teachers' technological knowledge in order to enhance formative assessment practices in technology, to inform classroom practice in technology, and to enhance student learning. Intervention strategies were designed to enhance the development of procedural, conceptual, societal and technical aspects of technology for teachers and students. The results from this intervention were very positive. This paper highlights the importance of developing teacher expertise pertaining to broad concepts of technology, detailed concepts in different technological areas and general pedagogical knowledge. The findings from this research therefore have implications for thinking about teaching, learning and assessment in technology. 相似文献