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The living system on earth is largely using oxygen for burning metabolic fuel for energy. The toxicity of oxygen is largely due to the formation of free radicals in living systems. Stress is also responsible for the generation of free radicals. The evidence for the involvement of free radicals and oxidative injury in producing metabolic disturbance, maladjustment and many diseases has been accumulating since long. It is largely believed that the root cause of many chronic diseases is stress induced free radicals and resultant oxidative injury. 相似文献
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Alex P. Leith Rabindra A. Ratan Donghee Yvette Wohn 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2016,25(4):655-664
Given the diversity and complexity of education game mechanisms and topics, this article contributes to a theoretical understanding of how game mechanisms “map” to educational topics through inquiry-based learning. Namely, the article examines the presence of evolution through natural selection (ENS) in digital games. ENS is a fundamentally important and widely misunderstood theory. This analysis of ENS portrayal in digital games provides insight into the use of games in teaching ENS. Systematic database search results were coded for the three principles of ENS: phenotypic variation, differential fitness, and fitness heritability. Though thousands of games use the term evolution, few presented elements of evolution, and even fewer contained all principles of ENS. Games developed to specifically teach evolution were difficult to find through Web searches. These overall deficiencies in ENS games reflect the inherent incompatibility between game control elements and the automatic process of ENS. 相似文献
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SEETHALAKSHMI R. SREERANJANI T.R. BALACHANDAR T. Abnikant Singh Markandey Singh Ritwaj Ratan Sarvesh Kumar 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(11):1297-1305
INTRODUCTION Optical Character Recognition (OCR) deals with machine recognition of characters present in an input image obtained using scanning operation. It refers to the process by which scanned images are electroni- cally processed and converted to an editable text. The need for OCR arises in the context of digitizing Tamil documents from the ancient and old era to the latest, which helps in sharing the data through the Internet. Tamil language Tamil is a South Indian language spo… 相似文献
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Vili Lehdonvirta Rabindra A. Ratan Tracy L. M. Kennedy Dmitri Williams 《The Information Society》2014,30(4):243-255
Information and communication technologies are blurring the boundaries between work and play. We present the first empirical investigation of gender gaps in virtual game economies. Analyzing big data sets from two major game economies, we find that player gender and character gender influence virtual wealth in different ways in different games. We conclude that this can be explained by different returns on female- and male-dominated play activities, that is, virtual pink- and blue-collar occupations. As the line between work and play increasingly blurs, researchers should track which occupations get to keep their conventional economic rewards, and which end up being remunerated in play money. 相似文献
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Frederik De Grove Johannes Breuer Vivian Hsueh Hua Chen Thorsten Quandt Rabindra Ratan Jan Van Looy 《Communication Research Reports》2017,34(1):37-47
Researchers interested in motives for playing digital games can draw on a variety of measurement instruments. When the aim is to compare between groups, however, instruments need to show certain psychometric properties. Specifically, an instrument needs to be invariant. Without such properties, comparisons between groups run the danger of yielding invalid results. The current study investigates to what extent the Digital Games Motivation Scale (DGMS) can be used to compare motivations between cultures by testing it in four different countries. Results indicate configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance for the cross-cultural comparisons. In conclusion, this study presents a psychometrically sound measurement instrument that can be used in cross-cultural settings. 相似文献
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Ratan Kumar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(2):87-91
Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on myocardial free fatty acid oxidation,in vitro, in offsprings born of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid mothers was studied in rats. L-carnitine supplementation stimulated myocardial
fatty acid oxidation during gestational period in offspring born of control and hyperthyroid mothers. In contrast L-carnitine
supplementation induced stimulation in myocardial fatty acid oxidation was very less in fetuses born of hypothyroid mothers.
However, in neonates born of hypothyroid mothers L-carnitine stimulated myocardial fatty acid oxidation to a great extent.
The results suggested that during maternal hypothyroidism low availability of thyroid hormones to fetuses through maternal
circulation and availability of less carnitine to neonates due to hypolactation might be responsible for decreased myocardial
free fatty acid utilization. In neonates born of hypothyroid mothers and with cardiac energy insufficiency parenteral carnitine
supplementation might be of great help to prevent mortality and morbidity of such offsprings. 相似文献
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Ratan Kumar D. P. Chattopadhyay Radhey Shyam 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1993,8(1):20-25
Intraperitoneal administration of glucose (20%), Sucrose (20%) and mannitol (15%) to the rats, at a dose of 5ml/100g body weight 3 hrs. prior to hypoxic exposure (simulated high altitude 10,973m, 32°C) significantly increased the hypoxic tolerance. Intraperitoneal administration of these solutions resulted in accumulation of transudate fluid in the peritoneal cavity. A decrease in the excretion of urine, increase in hematocrit value, haemoglobin level, blood viscosity and serum protein were observed. Moisture content of lungs amongst other tissue was found to be decreased. Results are suggestive that dialysis across the peritoneal membrane might have removed some material from the blood in the peritoneal fluid which might have been responsible for the increased hypoxic tolerance. 相似文献
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