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Joanna Tapper 《高等教育研究与发展》2004,23(2):199-222
Critical thinking is a highly valued outcome of university study, although its nature is difficult to define. Most students are not directly taught critical thinking, but are expected to display it in at least some of their assignments. We do not know much about student perceptions of their development as critical thinkers in their degree programs. This paper presents research into student perceptions of instruction in critical thinking and aspects of its development as they study in an undergraduate degree program in agriculture. Twenty‐one students across four years of study were interviewed. They received direct instruction in critical thinking only in the first year of study, and the literature review emerged as a key genre in which critical thinking was perceived to be important by later‐year students. The final sections highlight the importance of considering the disciplinary contexts in which students develop their critical thinking, and of preparing them for transfer to post‐study contexts. 相似文献
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With the passage of the 1992 Further and Higher Education Act the British system of higher education formally moved from a binary to a unitary structure. However, ever since successive governments have argued for a diversified model of higher education within which institutions should pursue contrasting goals. This article offers an interpretation of the key ingredients of institutional diversification and constructs alternative structural models of higher education. It proceeds by exploring the changing structure of British higher education since the creation of the unitary model. The argument is that there has been a steady emergence of flexible sectors, which both converge and diversify. However, there is a danger that the 2011 White Paper, rather than sustaining flexible sectors, could intensify the nascent shift in the direction of stratification marked by increasing differentiation between sectors as they converge internally.
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The University of Oxford has established a Commission of Inquiry, chaired by its Vice-Chancellor, to define the University's role in the Twenty-First Century. The purpose of this article is to explore the context within which the Commission has emerged and to suggest that it needs to tackle three broad tasks: to define the central purposes of the University, to show how it should be organized to achieve those purposes, and to consider how its activities are to be financed. The article ennumerates the problems that the Commission must tackle while addressing these tasks, and makes suggestions as to its likely recommendations. It concludes by raising the possibility that Oxford's attempt to define its role may help to generate a much needed debate on the future shape of higher education in Britain. 相似文献
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Since the demise of the University Grants Committee (UGC) the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals (CVCP) has had an opportunity to forge a new relationship to the state. While the Committee has continued to engage in elite negotiations with state institutions such as the funding and research councils, it has also become an active pressure group exerting its influence upon the political process in general. Perhaps more interesting than the recent change in the CVCP's role is the way in which, given the expansion of the university sector following the passage of the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992, it will develop in the future. This future role, so the article argues, is dependent upon the interaction of two factors: the nature of the funding context imposed by government, and the ability of the Committee to sustain its own internal cohesion. The article poses alternative outcomes dependent upon contrasting interpretations as to how these two variables could develop. 相似文献
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Nancy Tapper 《Higher Education in Europe》1981,6(3):5-13
After a brief historical review, the author describes the legal, cultural and economic elements that brought women into US higher education in such big numbers. She also discusses the professional situation of women after graduation and reviews major problems awaiting a solution
Mrs. Nancy Tapper is executive vice‐president of the Centre for Social Redesign, Oakland, California. Trained as a mathematician she is a former professor and college president 相似文献
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Joanna Tapper 《高等教育研究与发展》1997,16(1):25-40
The present situation in which students enter tertiary education with different experiences of online literacy poses challenges for instructors of subjects in which content and online literacy are integrated. It is hard for university teachers to predict what can be expected of incoming students in terms of computer experience, or to plan suitable syllabuses. In this article, the online literacy practices of students in one subject offered at an Australian university are examined. These practices are viewed within the context of the subject itself, and in the wider context of tertiary education. It is suggested that studies of the contexts and practices of online literacy can provide information which will help instructors to have some idea of what to expect concerning their students’ online literacy. In turn, this knowledge may make it easier for instructors to plan subject syllabuses which provide for groups of students with mixed online experiences. Areas for further research are also identified. 相似文献
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AbstractThe introduction of Philosophy and Ethics to the Western Australian Certificate of Education courses in 2008 brought philosophy into the Western Australian secondary school curriculum for the first time. How philosophy came to be included is part of a larger story about the commitment and perseverance of a relatively small number of Australian educators and their belief in the value of introducing philosophical communities of inquiry into school classrooms through a revised pedagogy which could sit comfortably with an outcomes-based education system. 相似文献
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With particular reference to theUniversities of Oxford and Cambridge, thispaper analyses interpretations of thecollegiate tradition. It examines pastinterpretations of the tradition, the pressuresthat have led to its reformulation and assessesthe likelihood of its survival in the future. The paper assumes that both academic demos andintellectual collegiality should be centralcharacteristics of any institution that intendsto call itself a university. 相似文献