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Radical, breakthrough innovations create not only great industrial possibilities, but also great social uncertainties. When a breakthrough medical technology is discovered, the question arises as to whether to accept the possible risks involved, or to defer implementing the innovation until more data is available, and, specifically, until others have taken up the innovation and demonstrated both its efficacy, its relative safety and market acceptance. Specifically, when a firm discovers a new candidate substance for a first in its class drug, how to evaluate the potential risks becomes a key predicament for management. This paper focuses on the role of a firm's social networks and national innovation system context in influencing the social epistemology around potential breakthrough innovations. Through an examination of the processes of drug development related to the same candidate substance in a Japanese firm and an American firm, we suggest that, in addition to organizational capabilities at the corporate level, social capital, specifically formed under a certain innovation system, plays a key role in leading to the successful introduction of breakthrough innovations. 相似文献
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小野泰教 《洛阳师范学院学报》2011,30(1):10-13
郭嵩焘是晚清著名的知识分子,他一生卷入很多论争,他在咸丰九年在烟台推进厘金政策时发生毁局事件,并和僧格林沁朝廷之间发生了很大争论。其中的关键点是他对乡绅萧铭卤的袒护,由此可以看出郭嵩焘推进厘金政策时更重视用自己的教化能力来劝谕乡绅。 相似文献
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汪洋 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(8)
The chemisorption properties of N18O adsorption on TiO2(110) surface were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The results of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) indicated that the temperatures of the three desorption peaks of the main N2 molecules were at (low) temperature of 230 K, 450 K, and (high) temperature of 980 K. This meant that N18O decomposed and recombined during the process of N2 desorption after N18O was exposed. Analysis of the stable combination and orbital theory calculation of the surface reaction of NO adsorption on the TiO2(110) cluster model showed that there was clear preference for the Ti-NO orientation. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION The adsorption of gas molecules on metals,metal oxides or alloys had been researched widelyto find a solution for the problem of air pollution(Davies and Craig Jr., 2003; Yanagisawa, 1996;Tominaga et al., 1999). NO could be adsorbed onthe particle surface and desorbed as N2 from thesurface by temperature programmed desorption(TPD) (Davies and Craig Jr., 2003; Yanagisawa,1996). The calculation of cluster model was estab-lished with molecular orbital (MO) theory (Ry… 相似文献
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The chemisorption properties of N18O adsorption on TiO2(110) surface were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The results of temperature programmed desorption
(TPD) indicated that the temperatures of the three desorption peaks of the main N2 molecules were at (low) temperature of 230 K, 450 K and (high) temperature of 980 K. This meant that N18O decomposed and recombined during the process of N2 desorption after N18O was exposed. Analysis of the stable combination and orbital theory calculation of the surface reaction of NO adsorption
on the TiO2(110) cluster model showed that there was clear preference for the Ti-NO orientation. 相似文献
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This article aimed to identify the effect of university-industry (U-I) collaborations on the innovative performance of firms operating in the advanced materials field, and by doing so, it proposed an original classification of the research organization partners. The main contribution resides in the estimation of the role played by collaborations with differently experienced scientists. In contrast with previous studies, whose empirical setting was the life science industry, in the advanced materials industry the most effective collaborations are not with “Star scientists”, but with “Pasteur scientists”. The latter concept was empirically tested first by the authors of this article, to deepen the present understanding of industrial heterogeneity in innovation processes and to offer new insights for the formulation of corporate innovation strategies. The results of the estimation of a negative binomial regression model applied to a sample of 455 firms active in the photocatalysis in Japan confirm the idea that engaging in research collaborations, measured as co-invention, with “Pasteur scientists” increases firms’ R&D productivity, measured as number of registered patents. In contrast, we found that firms’ collaborations with “Star scientists” exert little impact on their innovative output. 相似文献
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