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Internal laws of probability, generalized likelihoods and Lewis' infinitesimal chances-A response to Adam Elga 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The rejection of an infinitesimal solution to the zero-fit problemby A. Elga ([2004]) does not seem to appreciate the opportunitiesprovided by the use of internal finitely-additive probabilitymeasures. Indeed, internal laws of probability can be used tofind a satisfactory infinitesimal answer to many zero-fit problems,not only to the one suggested by Elga, but also to the Markovchain (that is, discrete and memory-less) models of reality.Moreover, the generalization of likelihoods that Elga has inmind is not as hopeless as it appears to be in his article.In fact, for many practically important examples, through theuse of likelihoods one can succeed in circumventing the zero-fitproblem.
- 1 The Zero-fit Problem on Infinite State Spaces
- 2Elga's Critique of the Infinitesimal Approach to the Zero-fitProblem
- 3 Two Examples for Infinitesimal Solutions to theZero-fit Problem
- 4 Mathematical Modelling in Nonstandard Universes?
- 5 Are Nonstandard Models Unnatural?
- 6 Likelihoods and Densities
- A Internal Probability Measures and the Loeb Measure Construction
- B The (Countable) Coin Tossing Sequence Revisited
- C Solutionto the Zero-fit Problem for a Finite-state Modelwithout Memory
- D An Additional Note on ‘Integrating over Densities’
- E Well-defined Continuous Versions of Density Functions
- 2Elga's Critique of the Infinitesimal Approach to the Zero-fitProblem
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This one-year project was designed to investigate the skills training needs of a group of 12 specialist registrars in psychiatry working as flexible trainees (part time) in the NHS. They had expressed concerns about their lack of information technology skills at training assessment seminars. A part-time project officer, was appointed to support the group giving information skills training to each flexible trainee on an individual basis, through a series of home visits. The project officer worked under the supervision of the London Library & Information Development Unit (LLIDU) from a home base, to identify with the insular feelings expressed by the project group. Project funding purchased a laptop computer with modem and a printer for each participant to use during the project. The training covered: basic search skills and developing search strategy techniques using quality filters particularly in relation to the MEDLINE database; how to search the Cochrane Library and PubMed and exploiting Internet information resources. The group asked for help with word processing and presentation software use. These needs were met in a series of half-day workshops. Experience and insight gained during the project will feed into future planning of information skills training for larger numbers of flexible trainees. 相似文献
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We investigated the real-time cascade of postural, visual, and manual actions for object prehension in 38 6- to 12-month-old infants (all independent sitters) and eight adults. Participants’ task was to retrieve a target as they spun past it at different speeds on a motorized chair. A head-mounted eye tracker recorded visual actions and video captured postural and manual actions. Prehension played out in a coordinated sequence of postural–visual–manual behaviors starting with turning the head and trunk to bring the toy into view, which in turn instigated the start of the reach. Visually fixating the toy to locate its position guided the hand for toy contact and retrieval. Prehension performance decreased at faster speeds, but quick planning and implementation of actions predicted better performance. 相似文献
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