High-resolution mapping of brain vasculature and its impairment in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease mice     

Xiaochuan Zhang  Xianzhen Yin  Jingjing Zhang  Anan Li  Hui Gong  Qingming Luo  Haiyan Zhang  Zhaobing Gao  Hualiang Jiang 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(6):1223

Accumulating evidence indicates the critical importance of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). However, systematic comparative studies on the precise brain vasculature of wild-type and AD model mice are still rare. Using an image-optimization method for analysing Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST) data, we generated cross-scale whole-brain 3D atlases that cover the entire vascular system from large vessels down to smallest capillaries at submicron resolution, for both wild-type mice and a transgenic (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. In addition to distinct vascular patterns in different brain regions, we found that the main vessels of the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG-ml) undergo abrupt changes in both diameter and branch angle, spreading a unique comb-like pattern of capillaries. By using a quantitative analysis workflow, we identified in the hippocampus of AD mice an overall reduction of the mean vascular diameter, volume fraction and branch angle, with most significant impairment in the DG-ml. In addition, virtual endoscopy revealed irregular morphological features in the vessel lumen of the AD mice, potentially contributing to the impairment of blood flow. Our results demonstrate the capability of high-resolution cross-scale evaluation of brain vasculature and underscore the importance of studying hippocampal microcirculation for understanding AD pathogenesis.  相似文献   

苏北高职院校体育教学改革实施中教师阻抗的现象学分析及消除策略     

姜龙  秦博  骆勇 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(4):26-27,31

本文将教师阻抗定义为由于自身或外界因素导致教师对现有体育教学改革表现出的不满、反对、甚至抵制心理和行为。研究以教师阻抗为问题切入点,重点探究教师阻抗的内在原因。具体分析内容包括:现有体育教学改革实施现状、体育教师态度真相、冷落改革,阻抗缘由,并结合阻抗缘由提供相关消解建议。本研究主要以现象学研究方法作为方法论基础,由悬置与还原、体验与描述、反思与归纳、本质的呈现作为重点环节,参照Pollio的现象学研究方法流程,采用深度访谈,访谈对象20人,每轮访谈结束后及时将访谈录音转录为文本形式,访谈文本132571字。对访谈文本采取归纳与演绎相结合的形式,精简提炼并进行具体论证分析。结论:(1)高职院校体育改革情况并不理想,阻抗现象真实存在;(2)体育教师内心支持改革,主观排斥现象罕见,阻抗现象另有他因;(3)体育教师阻抗主要由于教师对公共体育课程教学指导纲要无从下手,各校围绕体育教学改革中需要变更新的大纲、教学方法、评价方式等工作茫然无措所导致。以此建议多安排一线教师参加培训学习;制定更为客观、易操作的教学方法和评价方式应用于高职院校体育教学一线;增大资金及人力投入;提高教师文化自信等方面,消除改革中出现的部分教师阻抗,也为高职体育改革提出一些思路。  相似文献   

Understanding the relative contribution of technical and tactical performance to match outcome in Australian Football     

Christopher M Young  Wei Luo  Paul B Gastin  Daniel B Dwyer 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):676-681

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess if tactical and technical performance indicators (PIs) could be used in combination to model match outcomes in Australian Football (AF). A database of 101 technical PIs and 14 tactical PIs from every match in the 2009–2016 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons was merged. Two outcome measures Win-loss and Score margin were used as dependent variables. The top 45 ranked technical and tactical PIs from a feature selection process were used to model match outcome using decision tree and Generalised Linear Models (GLMs). Of the top 45 selected features, this included seven tactical PIs. The Win-loss-based Decision tree model achieved a classification accuracy of 89.0% and GLM 93.2%. A Score margin-based GLM achieved a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 6.9 points. A combined approach to the classification of match outcomes provided no improvement in model accuracy compared with previous literature. However, this study has established the relative importance of technical and tactical measures of performance in relation to successful team performance in AF.  相似文献   

专利被引频次的时间影响研究     

罗文馨  赵亚娟 《图书情报工作》2019,63(9):47-60

[目的/意义]研究时间因素对专利被引频次的影响,可以减少时间因素对技术评价活动的制约,提高评价的准确性和可信度。[方法/过程]采集1975-2017年的美国专利数据,开展基于固定效应法的专利被引频次的修正研究。将专利按照不同公开年份和不同技术领域分组,选定组内均值和6个TOP分位数为被引频次基准,统计当前时间点的被引频次基准线及基准线的历史时序变化情况。建立神经网络模型,拟合基准线的时序变化规律,并预测未来统计时间点的基准线。[结果/结论]专利公开年份和统计年份的时间差异,使得专利被引频次无法直接进行比较。本文建立了基于不同技术领域、不同公开年份和不同统计年份的专利被引频次基准线,为专利评估提供参考。  相似文献   

Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant     

Chao Xue  Jian-Ping Liu  Qing Li  Jun-Fei Wu  Shan-Qing Yang  Qi Liu  Cheng-Gang Shao  Liang-Cheng Tu  Zhong-Kun Hu  Jun Luo 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(12):1803

The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻² with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.  相似文献   

我国科学家在地球大气涡旋自组织的研究领域取得重要进展     

罗云峰  周小刚 《中国科学基金》2007,21(4):229-230

地球大气中存在大小不等的涡旋,大涡如台风,其半径一般为几百公里,小涡如强对流云团,半径约为几十公里或更小。这些大小不等涡旋之间的相互作用往往不仅导致台风运动的反常以及台风和中、小尺度高影响灾害性天气预报的失败,而且历来是台风和中、小尺度强灾害性天气预测理论的一个关键问题,也是世界各国科学家共同面对的科学前沿和难点问题。  相似文献   

信息产业发展的三大规律与启示     

罗曼 《情报科学》1994,15(4):26-29

本文分析了信息产业发展的三大规律,即信息产业比重增大规律、信息产业结构高度化规律和信息商品价格总水平上升规律,并指出了这三大规律对我们的启示。  相似文献   

中国海岸带污染问题与防治措施   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

吕剑  骆永明  章海波 《中国科学院院刊》2016,31(10):1175-1181

近年来,我国海岸带地区受到不同程度的污染,影响了海岸带地区发展。文章从我国海岸带污染现状、成因、国际管理实践和污染防治措施等方面出发,概要介绍了我国海岸带地区不同介质中污染物的分布状况,提出了污染源控制、生态屏障建设、污染环境生态修复、区域规划等防治措施,以期为我国海岸带地区环境保护和管理政策制定提供思路。  相似文献   

基于Java的网络即时通讯系统设计分析     

刘瑛  范文娟  刘群一 《科技广场》2005,(12):41-44

网络即时通讯系统是为了满足异地用户之间必要的网络通讯而设计的一套系统，是在通讯双方认可的条件下进行即时的文字交流和文件交流．本文从用户、已实现的应用程序源代码的角度分析系统的应用需求、功能模块、系统数据库、通讯机制设计和源代码的结构。  相似文献   

我国制药业技术创新效率分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

罗亚非  焦玉灿 《科研管理》2007,28(2):71-77

本文采用DEA方法中的C2R模型对我国制药业技术创新效率作纵向分析研究。研究结果表明:资源利用率低,专利产出不足以及企业规模偏小是导致我国制药业DEA无效的主要原因。文章结合我国实际情况,对其作了详细的解释,并给出相应的对策建议。  相似文献