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Ali Asghar Ghasemi Hooshang Yazdani Majid Amerian 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2020,49(1):41-60
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to present a model of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) by incorporating international posture, motivational disposition (ideal L2 self), second language (L2) self-confidence, and metacognitive learning strategies. To this end, 150 Iranian L2 learners, selected through convenience sampling procedure, took part in the research. The findings of structural equation modelling revealed that the proposed model showed adequate fit to the data, implying that the model is appropriate in Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) context. Also, the results indicated that learners with a high level of international posture are more likely to bridge the gap between their present and ideal selves. This was, additionally, argued that internationally oriented and ideally motivated learners become confident of their abilities to get engaged in interaction with L2 target communities. Furthermore, metacognitive learning strategies were found to be directly associated with ICC, implicating that the learners who continuously reflect on their learning and evaluate their performances are more prone to have a higher level of ICC. Finally, suggestions were offered for language teachers and policy-makers to inspire their learners to be more competent in communication with people of other cultures and languages. 相似文献
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A fast and efficient page ranking mechanism for web crawling and retrieval remains as a challenging issue. Recently, several link based ranking algorithms like PageRank, HITS and OPIC have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a novel recursive method based on reinforcement learning which considers distance between pages as punishment, called “DistanceRank” to compute ranks of web pages. The distance is defined as the number of “average clicks” between two pages. The objective is to minimize punishment or distance so that a page with less distance to have a higher rank. Experimental results indicate that DistanceRank outperforms other ranking algorithms in page ranking and crawling scheduling. Furthermore, the complexity of DistanceRank is low. We have used University of California at Berkeley’s web for our experiments. 相似文献
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This paper deseribes our experiences in trying to extend a language tutoring system, LINGER, to deal with Spanish. LINGER is based on Definite Clause Grammar (DCG) notation. It was first developed to teach French (Barchan, Woodmansee and Yazdani, 1986). Unlike traditional language-teaching systems, it incorporates human-like knowledge of the domain it is teaching. Experiences in modifying such systems are relevant both to language teaching and to attempts at turning tutoring systems designed for specific tasks into tools capable of greater generality and use. 相似文献
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In this paper a knowledge-based tutoring system is briefly introduced. One such system is described for diagnosing pupils' errors in subtraction operation, designed to be of practical use where a pupil can interact with a microcomputer to improve his arithmetic skills. The system can also assist the student teachers who might not be skillful enough to teach the mathematical theory concerning arithmetic systematic errors in primary schools. 相似文献
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Masoud Yazdani 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(3):273-279
The learning object meta-data (LOM) is an emerging standard for annotation of educational entities (digital or non-digital) that are relevant to technology-supported learning. The annotations describe educational, legal, and technical characteristics of these resources. Development of this standard is sponsored by the IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee. In this paper, we describe an application of the LOM to the construction of a database of resources available to schools in Hawaìi and report on both successes and issues encountered. Recommendations are made concerning modifications to the LOM and adoption of the LOM by others working in primary and secondary school contexts. 相似文献
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Ali Mohammad Zareh Bidoki Pedram Ghodsnia Nasser Yazdani Farhad Oroumchian 《Information processing & management》2010
Due to the proliferation and abundance of information on the web, ranking algorithms play an important role in web search. Currently, there are some ranking algorithms based on content and connectivity such as BM25 and PageRank. Unfortunately, these algorithms have low precision and are not always satisfying for users. In this paper, we propose an adaptive method, called A3CRank, based on the content, connectivity, and click-through data triple. Our method tries to aggregate ranking algorithms such as BM25, PageRank, and TF-IDF. We have used reinforcement learning to incorporate user behavior and find a measure of user satisfaction for each ranking algorithm. Furthermore, OWA, an aggregation operator is used for merging the results of the various ranking algorithms. A3CRank adapts itself with user needs and makes use of user clicks to aggregate the results of ranking algorithms. A3CRank is designed to overcome some of the shortcomings of existing ranking algorithms by combining them together and producing an overall better ranking criterion. Experimental results indicate that A3CRank outperforms other combinational ranking algorithms such as Ranking SVM in terms of P@n and NDCG metrics. We have used 130 queries on University of California at Berkeley’s web to train and evaluate our method. 相似文献
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In this article we look at some traditional approaches to the use of computers in the teaching of modern languages. Pointing out their inadequacies, we describe a system based around the use of a natural language parser for teaching French, known as frog. The role of Artificial Intelligence techniques in general and the benefits of using the programming language Prolog in particular for this task are described. We then present a system which is based around the use of such general techniques to cope with free form French sentences but which can be generalised as the basis of future work for a language-independent teaching shell. 相似文献