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1.
ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to provide reference values for lower-limb muscle power assessed during the incremental jump squat (JS) test in elite athletes (i.e., professional athletes competing at international level). We pooled data from all JS tests performed by elite athletes of different sports in two high-performance centres between 2015 and 2019, and computed reference values (i.e., terciles) for mean power (MP), mean propulsive power (MPP), and peak power (PP). Reference values were obtained from 684 elite athletes (458 male and 226 female) of 16 different sports (boxing, judo, karate, fencing, taekwondo, wrestling, basketball, soccer, futsal, handball, rugby union, badminton, tennis, long distance running, triathlon, and sprinting). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between male and female athletes for MP (7.47 ± 1.93 and 6.15 ± 1.68 W·Kg?1, respectively), MPP (10.50 ± 2.75 and 8.63 ± 2.43 W·Kg?1), and PP (23.64 ± 6.12 and 19.35 ± 5.49 W·Kg?1). However, the velocity at which these power measures was attained seemed to be independent of sex (~0.95, 1.00 and 2.00 m·s?1 for mean, mean propulsive, and peak velocity, respectively) and homogeneous across different sport disciplines (coefficient of variation <10%). These data can be used to classify athletes’ power capabilities, and the optimum velocity ranges provided here could be useful for training purposes.  相似文献   
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Industry advocates argue that by tailoring services and commercial solicitations to match media users’ personal interests, data-driven marketing benefits both consumers and businesses. This article shows, however, that advertisers and marketers who are taking up ideas and techniques from behavioral economics tell their clients a very different story about the aims and use of digital marketing and consumer surveillance. Listening in on this discourse demonstrates that some digital marketers conceptualize their own practices as forms of social control, appropriating concepts from behavioral economics to identify consumers’ cognitive and affective biases and target their vulnerabilities. Behavioral economics recognizes that economic decisions are not simply dictated by rational self-interest; rather, such choices depend on cognitive heuristics and habits, and can be manipulated through the design of “choice architecture.” This article discusses implications of the behavioral turn in data-driven marketing for critical advertising scholars, public advocates, and regulators.  相似文献   
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The New Millennium Experience ‐ an exhibition on the theme of time sited in a fibre‐glass dome on the Greenwich Peninsula adjacent to the Prime Meridian ‐ was the centrepiece of Millennium celebrations in Britain. From its inception in the mid‐1990s ‘the Dome’ had been controversial for several reasons, not least of which was its financial viability were it not to prove very popular with the general public. Within weeks of opening, it emerged that the Dome was financially insecure to the point of possible bankruptcy. Largely funded by the National Lottery in the first place, four extra grants from that source were required in order to keep it open during the year 2000. The Dome was regarded widely as of dubious cultural value and a drain on public resources that might have been better spent elsewhere.

This chapter of Cultural Trends does not, strictly speaking, set out to confirm or refute these common criticisms of the Dome. Instead, it aims to establish the facts and figures concerning various aspects of the project as precisely as possible. This in itself is difficult to do since, for instance, the exact value of corporate sponsorship is impossible to ascertain due to commercial confidentiality, although it was quite a small proportion of the actual funding ‐ less than 20 per cent. Further complicating matters is polling evidence of high visitor approval for the Dome which must be set against its general damnation in the media.

In effect, the chapter traces a complex process whereby an ambitious cultural project was beset by a series of seemingly intractable problems from beginning to end, including eventual disposal and future use of the site. Whether the Dome is considered an abject failure or an under‐reported success, it certainly did not meet its official targets in terms of visiting, revenue and sponsorship.  相似文献   

6.
Introduction     
ABSTRACT

DIRECTORY OF VENTURE CAPITAL. Lister, Kate and Tom Harn-ish. NY: John Wiley &; Sons, Inc., 2000, 385 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-471-36104-6.

GALANTE'S VENTURE CAPITAL &; PRIVATE EQUITY DIRECTORY. Galante, Steven P. and Keith Moore. Wellesley, MA: Asset Alternatives Inc., 2000, 1,342 pp., $395.00, ISBN 1-893648-04-4.

THE DIRECTORY OF VENTURE CAPITAL FIRMS: DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL. Lakeville, CT: Grey House Publishing Inc., 1999, 1,227 pp., $295.00, ISBN 1-891482-94-7. Reviewed by James Galbraith.

BUSINESS INFORMATION BASICS: A GUIDE TO THE KEY INTERNATIONAL SOURCES, 2000. Foster, Pam (Ed.) (with contributions by Judith M. Nixon). London: Headland Business Information, 2000, 230 pp., UK £95.00, ISBN 1-85739-204-3. Reviewed by Ann Fiegen.

DOING BUSINESS AND INVESTING WORLDWIDE 2000 (CD-ROM). PricewaterhouseCoopers, May 2000, 1 CD-ROM disc. Pricing: $395.00 (institutional price of $295.00 available to public and academic libraries). (800) 579-1646 or http://www.PricewaterhouseCoopersglobal.com/gx/eng/ins-sol/main/index.html. PC compatible. System requirements: Windows 3.1 or higher. Reviewed by Adele L. Barsh

PLUNKETT'S ON-LINE TRADING, FINANCE &; INVESTMENT WEB SITES ALMANAC, First Edition. Plunkett, Jack W. (Ed.). Houston, TX: Plunkett Research Ltd., 2000, $149.99 (includes diskette), 547 pp., ISBN 1-891775-08-1. Reviewed by Hal P. Kirkwood, Jr.

PLUNKETT'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ALMANAC, First Edition. Plunkett, Jack W. Houston, TX: Plunkett Research Ltd., 2000, 653 pp., US$179.99 (includes CD-ROM), ISBN 1-891775-06-5. Reviewed by Hal P. Kirkwood, Jr.

U.S. GOVERNMENT ON THE WEB: GETTING THE INFORMATION YOU NEED. Hernon, Peter, John A. Shuler, and Robert Dugan. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1999, 348pp., $42.00, paperback, ISBN 1-56308-757-X. Reviewed by Bert Chapman

WHO'S WHO IN ECONOMICS, 3rd Edition. Blaug, Mark (Ed.). Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 1999, 1235 pp., US $350.00, ISBN 1-85898-886-1. Reviewed by Judith M. Nixon.  相似文献   
7.
Currently, all elite high jumpers use the Fosbury Flop technique with a curved approach. This suggests that the curved approach presents some clear advantage, although there is no general agreement upon the mechanism or the mechanics. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the approach curve and to investigate how it contributes to the generation of somersault rotation. A simple theoretical model was used to demonstrate that a tightening approach curve would change the inward lean towards the centre of the curve into outwards lean. Three-dimensional video analysis was used to record the performances of two elite male high jumpers in competition. It was found that in each case the radius of the approach curve and the inward lean angle both decreased towards the end of the approach. The amount of outward lean angular velocity generated was shown to be a major proportion of the required somersault angular velocity for a jump. It was concluded that the main advantage of a curved approach was that it resulted in the generation of somersault velocity providing the curve tightened towards the end of the approach.  相似文献   
8.
Glenn McGuigan is a specialist business librarian at Penn State who has written about change in university libraries, and about the impact of the academic publishing industry on scholarly publishing.  相似文献   
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The purpose of this study was to compare changes in aerobic condition, strength, and muscular endurance following 8 weeks of endurance rowing alone or in combination with weight-training. Twenty-two elite rowers were assigned to (1) rowing (n = 10, 250-270 km · week?1) or (2) rowing (n = 12, 190-210 km · week?1) plus four weight-training sessions each week. Pre and post mean and standardized effect-size (ES) differences in aerobic condition (watts at 4 mmol · L?1) and strength (isometric pull, N), prone bench-pull (6-repetition maximum, 6-RM), 5- and 30-repetition leg-press and 60-repetition seated-arm-pull (J, performed on a dynamometer) normalized by body mass and log-transformed were analysed, after adjusting for gender. The standardized differences between groups were trivial for aerobic condition (ES [±90% CI] = 0.15; ±0.28, P = 0.37) and prone bench-pull (ES = 0.27; ±0.33, P = 0.18), although a moderate positive benefit in favour of rowing only was observed for the seated-arm-pull (ES = 0.42; ±0.4, P = 0.08). Only the weight-training group improved isometric pull (12.4 ± 8.9%, P < 0.01), 5-repetition (4.0 ± 5.7%, P < 0.01) and 30-repetition (2.4 ± 5.4%, P < 0.01) leg-press. In conclusion, while gains in aerobic condition and upper-body strength were comparable to extensive endurance rowing, weight-training led to moderately greater lower-body muscular-endurance and strength gains.  相似文献   
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