专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台的构建     

于倩倩  钱力  程冰  常志军  王慧丽  靳茜 《图书情报工作》2020,64(24):92-105

[目的/意义] 面对多学科领域、多类型用户的专题情报服务需求，建立专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台。实现专题情报分析的流程化和智能化，同时对融入专家智慧的专题情报分析过程数据进行管理，丰富服务模式，提升服务需求响应速度。[方法/过程] 在调研已有相关研究与实践分析基础上，提出平台设计思路、建设框架，对平台主要功能和关键技术进行剖析。[结果/结论] 专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台已建设完成。平台集成了多来源多类型数据，打通了从数据到分析的服务链条。嵌入了多种情报分析方法和深度学习算法，实现了多维多层次分析服务。能够对分析过程和情报分析人员历史积累数据进行管理，实现数据共享和重复利用。  相似文献   

Projectification of Doctoral Training? How Research Fields Respond to a New Funding Regime     

Marc Torka 《Minerva》2018,56(1):59-83

Funding is an important mechanism for exercising influence over ever more parts of academic systems. In order to do so, funding agencies attempt to export their functional and normative prerequisites for financing to new fields. One essential requirement for fundees is then to construct research processes in the form of a project beforehand, one that is limited in time, scope and content. This article demonstrates how the public funding of doctoral programs expands this model of project research from experienced academics to the socialization process for the new academic generation. This process of “projectification” underlies funding-driven institutional changes in doctoral training. A multi-level comparative study of German policies, funding mechanisms and organizational frameworks for doctoral training demonstrates the emergence of a specific model of predefined PhD projects. The investigation of doctoral training practices reveals that socio-epistemic preconditions regulate whether research fields adopted or rejected this demanding model. This result contradicts widespread claims about a radical change in doctoral training and suggests focusing on the actual practices of field-specific doctoral research.  相似文献   

Ownership,organization structure and public service provision: the case of museums     

Enrico E. Bertacchini  Chiara Dalle Nogare  Raffaele Scuderi 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2018,42(4):619-643

This article provides an empirical investigation of the effects of the ownership and organizational structure on the performance of cultural institutions. More specifically, we consider how museums are effective in their function of disseminating culture to audiences and contributing to the local development. By exploiting a unique data set based on the 2011 census of Italian museums, we develop performance indices of accessibility, visitors’ experience, web visibility and promotion of the local cultural context. Using count data models, we regress such measures on the type of organization. We distinguish between governmental museums, public museums whose administration is either outsourced or has financial autonomy and private museums. We control for the most salient characteristics of a museum, competition pressure and some proxies of potential audience. Our evidence shows that private museums, public museums with financial autonomy and outsourced museums outperform public museums run as sub-units of culture departments. This paper contributes to the cultural economics and public policy and administration literature by adding insights into the effect of outsourcing and administrative decentralization in the public cultural sector.  相似文献   

Effects of the “Gangnam Style Syndrome” on the South Korean stock market     

Hyun Joung Jin  Jang-Chul Kim 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2018,42(1):139-161

This study attempts to answer two questions. First, can a single cultural event impact the stock prices of a wide range of companies and sectors? Second, was the positive stock market response in the information technology (IT) sector as well as performing arts sector significant? To answer these questions, we examine whether a hit pop single, “Gangnam Style” by Park Jae-Sang in 2012, affected related sectors of the Korean stock market and whether market reactions went beyond the stock price of the singer’s agency to affect those of other firms. We use an event study approach. The results show two notable empirical findings. First, although the findings indicating abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal returns appear mixed, the overall results imply that the unprecedented worldwide hit single by the South Korean singer positively affected the Recreation & Culture and Digital Content sectors. In other words, the market interpreted the event as good news, with shareholders expecting positive effects on the related sectors. Second, a positive stock market response was observed in the IT sector as well.  相似文献   

Between Policy and Practice: Archival Descriptions,Digital Returns and a Place for Coalescing Narratives     

Sharon Huebner  Stella Marr 《档案与原稿》2019,47(1):113-130

ABSTRACT

The Strathfieldsaye Estate collection at the University of Melbourne Archives is discussed in relation to recognising, protecting and reclaiming Koori (First Peoples of southeast Australia) heritage. The settler collection includes early 1900s photographs of Koori people within two distinct albums – a family album that includes a series of studio portraits of Koori adults and children, and an album depicting Koori families on Ramahyuck Aboriginal Mission Station. In the past, these albums have been defined by, and limited to, traditional archiving practices excluding Koori interpretation, authorship and social context. Restoring Koori ownership and authorship of intangible heritage plays a large part in consolidating ancestor photographs with Koori perspectives of identity and culture.  相似文献   

Idea generation in biomedical engineering courses using Design Heuristics     

Jin Woo Lee  Anastasia Ostrowski  Aileen Huang-Saad  Colleen M. Seifert 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2019,44(3):360-378

ABSTRACT

With increasing demand for improved medical equipment and healthcare, next-generation biomedical engineers need strong design skills. Equipping biomedical engineering students with tools for idea generation and development can increase student design success. Design Heuristics are an ideation tool developed through empirical studies of product designs. While identified in the mechanical engineering space, Design Heuristics may be applicable in biomedical engineering design. In our study, we implemented a Design Heuristics session during upper-level undergraduate and first-year graduate biomedical engineering design courses. We examined the applicability of Design Heuristics within individual and team concept generation contexts. The findings demonstrated that biomedical engineering students were able to use Design Heuristics to generate multiple concepts, and that initial concepts produced using Design Heuristics were carried over into final team design. The results support the applicability of Design Heuristics to student idea generation in biomedical engineering design.  相似文献   

可卡因管制在反兴奋剂实践中的探析：以2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘畅 《体育科研》2020,(3):73-81

2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》在第五届世界反兴奋剂大会上正式获得通过，并将于2021年1月1日起正式生效。新版条例有关可卡因的规定变化颇多。对可卡因是否应被列为非特定物质，以及可卡因能否提高比赛成绩一直以来存在争议，这些争议对反兴奋剂实践影响颇深。违规背景的多样性使得运动员说明禁用物质来源的难度较大，而不同裁决机构对可卡因争议所持的不同观点易加剧处罚结果的差异化。2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》对于可卡因等社会毒品的规定的变革使得体育仲裁裁决的指引作用能够得到进一步发挥，同时也避免严格责任原则的严厉性进一步加剧。当然，在未来的反兴奋剂进程中，在不触动政府层面药物管制原则的前提下，变革禁用清单，将可卡因纳入特定物质的范畴，既可缓和有关可卡因的争议，又可增强裁决处理的一致性与稳定性，为运动员规范自身行为提供合理预期。  相似文献   

面向智慧知识服务的科技文献大数据体系建设     

吴振新  钱力  谢靖  常志军  许丽媛  赵艳 《图书情报工作》2021,64(24):63-72

[目的/意义] 探索构建文献情报大数据知识资源体系，支撑面向多领域的智慧知识服务。[方法/过程] 基于AI应用需求，借鉴业界经验，梳理现有资源体系的问题，从多层次多维度扩展资源体系；构建可靠数据处理流程和计算平台，支持高效数据采集和处理；研发智能化数据治理工具，实现知识资源的有效治理，确保提供高质量数据资源。[结果/结论] 已初步形成覆盖多类型、多学科的科技文献大数据知识资源体系，构建完成高度自动化的数据采集治理流程，实施多重数据质量控制，积累数亿高质量数据，且为多个知识服务提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

From a Means to an End: Patenting in the 1999 Danish ‘Act on Inventions’ and its Effect on Research Practice     

Nadja Sejersen  Janus Hansen 《Minerva》2018,56(3):261-281

This paper examines the potential pitfalls for academic research associated with goal displacements in the implementation of goals and indicators of research commercialization. We ask why patenting has come to serve as the key policy indicator of innovative capacity and what consequences this has for the organization of academic research. To address these questions, the paper presents a case study from Denmark on, firstly, why and how the 1999 Danish ‘Act on Inventions’ introduced patenting as a central instrument to Danish science policy and, secondly, the effects the Act has had on Danish university organization and research practices. We trace why and how commercialization was introduced as an important objective in Danish science policy since the 1980s. The increased focus on patents is explained as an isomorphic adjustment to an international ‘science policy field,’ manifested in particular through OECD statistics, where patenting has come to serve as a key metric in international rankings. In a second step, we examine what effects the patenting requirements have had on organization and research practice at a Danish university. We show that in practice ‘number of patents’ changed from serving as an indicator of innovative capacity to being a policy goal in itself, thus in effect producing a goal displacement that is potentially damaging for both academic research and innovation capacity of the surrounding society. As a consequence of this goal displacement, active scientists now increasingly engage in patenting primarily as a means to fulfill organizational targets and to increase their ‘fundability,’ rather than to promote commercial applications of their research. In conclusion, we discuss how these unfulfilled policy ambitions have led to a retrospective redefinition of policy goals rather than an adjustment of the actual policy tools.  相似文献   

Situated Knowledge Production,International Impact: Changing Publishing Practices in a German Engineering Department     

Wolfgang Kaltenbrunner 《Minerva》2018,56(3):283-303

In this paper, I analyze how recent calls to internationalize publication behavior affect research practices at an automotive engineering department in Germany. Automotive engineering is a field with traditionally rather scarce publication activity and strong connections to industry. Substantial authority to define suitable research problems and ways of organizing knowledge production on a daily basis was therefore reserved for local academic elites as well as corporate partners. However, as engineers are increasingly expected to prove their performance through publishing in international peer-reviewed journals, the judgment as to what should be considered “interesting” or “robust” research is partly relegated to a gradually globalizing community of academic peers. This generates a variety of tensions with established ways of coordinating epistemic work at the department studied here. For example, the thematic interests of journals tend to exert a disruptive centrifugal pull in the context of an otherwise highly modular research culture, and possibilities to publish in international venues are unequally distributed across individual research projects. But while department members agree that there is a lack of fit between current practices and new expectations towards their publishing behavior, their opinions about the conclusions that should be drawn differ significantly. Some researchers argue that profound organizational changes are necessary to foster the academic rigor of German engineering research. Others believe that evaluation criteria should simply be adapted. This situation is arguably characteristic for research areas with a traditionally strong orientation to local stakeholders, and it suggests a need for more deliberative, participatory approaches to research evaluation in such fields.  相似文献