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Angeline Liva Eliane Fijalkow Jacques Fijalkow 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1994,9(4):321-330
Two experiments were conducted to see if teaching poor readers to use inner speech could improve their reading and writing. In the first experiment, there were 8 third grade children, 4 in the experimental group and 4 in the control one, matched from a pre-test of reading. In the experimental group, the children were trained to use inner speech in 27 tasks, from explicit self-speech of the adult and of the child to implicit self-speech by the child alone. The results show significant differences between the two groups in the post-test of reading. In the second experiment, there were 6 students in second grade, 3 in the experimental group and 3 in the control one. In the experimental group, the children were trained to use inner speech in 18 tasks: 6 cognitive tasks that do not require short term memory as in the first experiment, 6 reading tasks, 6 writing tasks. In the experimental group, the children were trained to use self-speech to process the tasks whereas, in the control group, the adult’s help was mostly visual. The results were that the experimental group succeeded significantly better in the post-tests of reading and writing. 相似文献
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Jacques Fijalkow Angeline Liva 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1988,3(4):431-447
The behavior of 34 first-grade children was observed when copying a text — their procedures for dividing the text verbal behavior and written production — in order to obtain task with which to follow the child’s progress through the first two years of schooling. Four successive levels appear after analysis of these data. On the first level, the construction of written units, the child faces particular problems with the title, lines, blanks and letters. The text is merely a commonplace object for the child. The second, or literal, level involves systematic letter-by-letter copying; letter naming appears. The text becomes a sequence of letters. On the third level, the child strives to copy visually and/or phonetically identifiable groups of letters: phonemes, syllables, or pronounceable non-syllabic strings of letters. Oral support is often implicit. The text is not seen by the child as a representation of speech. The word constitutes the unit of reference on the fourth level. The wide span group succeeds in copying the text word-by-word, while the narrow-span subgroup needs to repeat the trial twice, using the syllable as the support unit. Oral behavior is omnipresent. The text has become a sequence of words for the child. 相似文献
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Mary A. Gerend David P. MacKinnon Liva Nohre 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(4):291-308
Advisory warnings were adopted by network television stations in the fall of 1993 to inform viewers of violent or sexual programming. To assess the impact of the advisories, independent samples of high school students were surveyed in the fall of 1993 (n = 1,854) and in the fall of 1994 (n = 1,489). Most students reported having seen a warning before programs with violent or sexual content. Furthermore, students were more aware of the advisories and had more accurate recall of the violence advisory over time. Although students’ knowledge of the advisories improved over time, their advisory‐related beliefs and the amount of violence they watched on television remained unchanged. 相似文献
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The role of speech and inner speech in reading is contentious and the study of inner speech in reading is fraught with methodological problems. An approach sometimes used is the ‘e-cancelling’ method, where subjects are instructed to mark all incidences of the letter ‘e’ in a text so that inferences can be made from underlining ‘e's that would be silent versus those that would be sounded in speech. However, this method does not work well in the French language and, in attempting to use letter cancelling approaches with French children aged 7–8 years, we have used other vowels as targets. In this paper we present some results about the effects on rate of reading and comprehension of various tasks intended to induce attention to the sound of parts of the text. Our conclusion, in line with that of Liva (1987) and other researchers, is that, at this early stage of reading development, reference to the sound of text does not inhibit comprehension. 相似文献
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