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刘占峰 《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002,41(6):13-18
意向性问题是当代心灵哲学的五大前沿问题之一。它不仅被认为是心理现象的独特特征之一，而且被认为是社会认知的基础。本文在简要分析了相关概念异同的基础上，探讨了当代心灵哲学围绕意向性的理解、意向性在行为的解释和评价中的作用等所形成的有代表性的理论及其论证。 相似文献
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Deborah G. Johnson 《Ethics and Information Technology》2006,8(4):195-204
After discussing the distinction between artifacts and natural entities, and the distinction between artifacts and technology, the conditions of the traditional account of moral agency are identified. While computer system behavior meets four of the five conditions, it does not and cannot meet a key condition. Computer systems do not have mental states, and even if they could be construed as having mental states, they do not have intendings to act, which arise from an agent’s freedom. On the other hand, computer systems have intentionality, and because of this, they should not be dismissed from the realm of morality in the same way that natural objects are dismissed. Natural objects behave from necessity; computer systems and other artifacts behave from necessity after they are created and deployed, but, unlike natural objects, they are intentionally created and deployed. Failure to recognize the intentionality of computer systems and their connection to human intentionality and action hides the moral character of computer systems. Computer systems are components in human moral action. When humans act with artifacts, their actions are constituted by the intentionality and efficacy of the artifact which, in turn, has been constituted by the intentionality and efficacy of the artifact designer. All three components – artifact designer, artifact, and artifact user – are at work when there is an action and all three should be the focus of moral evaluation. 相似文献
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19世纪到20世纪初是德国语义学诞生、发展和趋向转变的历史阶段,这一时期德国语义学的历史演进秉承了德国古典哲学传统尤其是康德哲学的思想精髓,从继承和批判的两个维度开启了向现代语义学迈进的崭新路径。在此过程中,语义学家们在新兴的精确性科学如数学和几何学发展的影响下,主张通过采用清晰而完善的逻辑语形构造,以保证语义理解的系统性和严密性;同时,心理学方法也开始和语义学的分析结合起来,形成了心理和意向语义分析的早期传统。在以逻辑实证主义为标志的德国现代语义理论兴起之前,它从哲学、心理学和语言科学等各个学科当中吸取营养、开辟阵地,为现代语义学的兴起和繁荣奠定了基础,其中所蕴含的心理意向分析和语境阐释等合理性思维成为了当代科学语义学建设的理论先驱和历史渊源。 相似文献
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论塞尔的间接言语行为理论及语言哲学观 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
孟庆玲 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2005,19(3):93-95
言语行为理论由奥斯汀提出,经塞尔的完善与发展,已成为哲学、语言学的重要研究课题,更是现代语用学的核心内容之一。塞尔的间接言语行为理论从使用和交际的角度研究语言的意义,为认识言外之力的本质提供了独到的解释方法。塞尔关注语言和心智的关系,认为意义必须联系存在于言语行为中的意向性来解释。探讨了塞尔的间接言语行为及其所蕴含的语言哲学观。 相似文献
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《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(2):162-177
This paper problematizes contemporary cultural understandings of autism. We make use of the developmental psychology concepts of ‘Theory of Mind’ and ‘mindblindness’ to uncover the meaning of autism as expressed in these concepts. Our concern is that autism is depicted as a puzzle and that this depiction governs not only the way Western culture treats autism but also the way in which it governs everyday interactions with autistic people. Moreover, we show how the concepts of Theory of Mind and mindblindness require autism to be a puzzle in the first place. Rather than treat autism as a puzzle that must be solved, we treat autism as a teacher and thus as having something valuable to contribute toward an understanding of the inherent partiality and uncertainty of human communication and collective life. 相似文献
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Ludvig J. T. Rasmussen Lars D. Østergaard Vlad P. Glăveanu 《Sport, Education and Society》2019,24(5):491-506
The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Gl?veanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192–208. doi:10.1002/jocb.13, Gl?veanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205–223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46344-9_10] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education– an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulation of creative actions during training, which should not be forgotten when trying to nurture in-game creativity. Essentially, the developmental benefits (e.g. learning and enjoyment) of creativity could apply to all players, at all levels. Among others, creativity may enhance their situated potential (e.g. expanding the boundaries of usual actions; developing the capacity for novel actions). For instance, the exploration of unexploited affordances (i.e. actions normally avoided due to norms) entails broad experiences and may help the players discover novel actions. Moreover, creative activities may develop the players’ capacity to search for, handle, and/or create unexpected, unusual, and novel situations. This is vital for players’ development and performance. 相似文献
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教育意向性是个体进入教育情境之中的态度,即个体以何种姿态进入教育情境及其所涉及的诸种事物。教育意向性的开启也就是个体之身体、生命的唤起,即唤起个体身心转向,进入与世界、与教育事物的意向性结构之中,唤起个体欢乐地看-世界、欢乐地看-教学事物。兴作为孔子所代表的中国古典教育的核心技艺,其要旨正在于以个体身心的唤起而唤起个体积极的教育意向性结构。兴的技艺意在唤起个体的教育意向性之时,给个体教育发生提供一个意义生发的境域,这对于应对当下学校教育乃至儿童发展中严重的厌学、内心虚无等问题是不可或缺的重要裨补。 相似文献
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Gunnar Breivik 《体育哲学杂志》2017,44(2):199-212
Actions in sport are intentional in character. They are directed at and are about something. This understanding of intentional action is common in continental as well as analytic philosophy. In sport philosophy, intentionality has received relatively little attention, but has more recently come on the agenda. In addition to what we can call ‘action intentionality,’ studied by philosophers like Searle, the phenomenological approach forwarded by Merleau-Ponty has opened up for a concept of ‘motor intentionality,’ which means a basic bodily attention and relatedness to the surrounding world. This conception is very relevant for the study of bodily actions as we find them in sports. However, there may be even deeper layers. The identification of mirror neurons in the brain has opened up for a type of almost ‘muscular intentionality’ whereby a simple bodily movement like grasping a cup to drink seems to be intentionally controlled and orchestrated. My goal in this paper is to discuss the relation between different levels of intentionality, such as a) ‘action intentionality’ operating at a conscious cognitive level, as for instance, when a player shoots a goal in football, b) the ‘motor intentionality’ directing the bodily movements when kicking the ball, and c) the muscular ‘mirror neuron intentionality’ of the goal keeper which is in operation when the keeper is seeing how the kicker’s foot hits the ball. How are these different layers of intentionality related and how can they give a more nuanced and integrated picture of the body–mind in action in sports? 相似文献
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孙海燕 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,34(5):67-70
塞尔的间接言语行为理论从使用和交际的角度研究语言的意义,有助于认识言外之力的本质.塞尔关注语言和心智的关系,认为意义必须联系存在于言语行为中的意向性来解释.认为语言是一种社会事实,从哲学的意义上阐述语言作为社会事实与现实世界的关系.强调语言的语义性,认为语义对于句法来说不是内在的. 相似文献