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Perceived health problems in swimmers according to the chemical treatment of water in swimming pools
Álvaro Fernández-Luna Pablo Burillo José Luis Felipe Julio del Corral Jorge García-Unanue Leonor Gallardo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):256-265
The objective of this study was to determine which chemical treatment used for disinfecting water in indoor swimming pools had the least impact on users' perceptions of health problems, and which generated the greatest satisfaction with the quality of the water. A survey on satisfaction and perceived health problems was given to 1001 users at 20 indoor swimming pools which used different water treatment methods [chlorine, bromine, ozone, ultraviolet lamps (UV) and salt electrolysis]. The findings suggest that there is a greater probability of perceived health problems, such as eye and skin irritation, respiratory problems and skin dryness, in swimming pools treated with chlorine than in swimming pools using other chemical treatment methods. Pools treated with bromine have similar, although slightly better, results. Other factors, such as age, gender, time of day of use (morning and afternoon) and type of user (competitive and recreational), can also affect the probability of suffering health problems. For all of the above, using combined treatment methods as ozone and UV, or salt electrolysis produces a lower probability of perceived health problems and greater satisfaction. 相似文献
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介绍了臭氧水溶液研究的进展及其广泛诱人的应用前景,同时阐述了产生高浓度臭氧、高效率溶解臭氧及制取臭氧水溶液等方法利用这此力法,臭氧水溶液的臭氧浓度达8g／m3臭氧溶解率达98％以上。 相似文献
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以淋浴房为例,提出并介绍了一种现代智能控制系统的设计方案,以EM78P447单片机为主控核心,对淋浴房的温度、湿度进行实时的检测,通过触摸按键和LCD显示来实现人机操作界面;能够实现电话摘机控制、排风扇的控制、灯光的调节和控制;并提出r淋浴房中的数字收音机系统和收音播放控制,臭氧发生模块的应用和控制,从而引入了智能淋浴房控制系统的新概念. 相似文献
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Lian Xue Aijun Ding Owen Cooper Xin Huang Wuke Wang Derong Zhou Zhaohua Wu Audra McClure-Begley Irina Petropavlovskikh Meinrat O Andreae Congbin Fu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(6)
Trans-Pacific transport of enhanced ozone plumes has been mainly attributed to fossil fuel combustion in Asia in spring, but less attention has been paid to vegetation fires in Asia. Here we show that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-modulated fires in Southeast Asia, rather than Asian fossil fuel plumes, dominate the interannual variability of springtime trans-Pacific transport of ozone across the entire North Pacific Ocean. During El Niño springs, the intensified fires from both the Indochinese Peninsula and Indonesia, together with large-scale circulation anomalies, result in enhanced ozone plumes that stretch over 15 000 km in both the lower-middle and upper troposphere. This enhancement is also observed in the in situ measurements of ozone concentration, with an almost 10% increase at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, a unique site to monitor the long-distance transport over the North Pacific. This study reports an unexpectedly strong influence of vegetation fires, linked with climate variability, on global tropospheric chemistry and proves once more how complex the interactions in the climate system are. 相似文献
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为研究北京郊区挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征、来源以及环境影响,于2016年夏季对北京市怀柔区大气中99种VOCs进行在线监测。结果表明,观测期间VOCs体积分数平均值为20.02×10-9,其中烷烃占比最高为38.48%,其次是含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)占比28.28%,卤代烃、芳香烃、烯烃和炔烃及乙腈占比较小。初始VOCs每小时的臭氧生成潜势为157.03μg·m-3,主要贡献来自于OVOCs、烯烃和芳香烃,对二次有机气溶胶生成潜势贡献最大的组分为芳香烃。源解析结果表明VOCs来自背景源和燃烧源、工业源、柴油车排放、汽油车排放、油气挥发、天然源和有机溶剂使用。后向轨迹结果表明,除北京本地源排放外,河北、河南和山东省对北京VOCs污染贡献最大,天津市、辽宁省和内蒙古自治区也有一定贡献。 相似文献
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介绍了一种采用臭氧处理的渔获物船舱保鲜装置的结构组成、工作过程与操作控制、操作使用有关参数要求及其在无制冷设备的渔船舱储加冰保鲜渔获物杀菌保鲜上的应用。使用该装置，舱储加冰保鲜渔获物的保鲜期可由原来的7-12天延长到13～15天，且能抑制硫化氢的产生，也不存在二次污染，保证了食品安全和生产作业安全，在渔船上有较广泛的适用性和很好的实效性。 相似文献
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提升油品质量、降低机动车污染物排放,对改善我国空气质量至关重要。通过隧道试验测试了道路机动车污染物排放水平,从我国8大城市加油站收集的汽柴油样品实测了其硫含量和烃类组成等指标,用先进的烟雾箱系统模拟了汽油车和柴油车尾气直接排放和二次反应生成的颗粒物,并探讨了机动车尾气对细颗粒物(PM2.5)的综合贡献与油品之间的关系。在分析我国油品升级所需的脱硫、重整、加氢等技术需求的基础上,初步估算了我国汽柴油全面升级的直接投资需求。文章也揭示了突破柴油发动机和柴油深加工技术对我国机动车减排的重要意义。 相似文献
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臭氧层问题以及围绕此达成的蒙特利尔议定书是上个世纪80年代国际环境合作治理重大事件,美国关于臭氧层问题的政策是美国环境外交的重点。无论是臭氧层保护的国际协商,还是最终签署的蒙特利尔议定书,美国是在反环境形象的里根总统任期内实现的。探究里根政府的臭氧环境外交,有助于把握上个世纪80年代美国环境外交的特征和基本走向。 相似文献